131 lines
27 KiB
HTML
131 lines
27 KiB
HTML
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷十八</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt1">
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</span><table class="ws-header" style="border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;" about="#mwt1">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c19_tai_ping_yu_lan_0017.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0017">時序二</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>時序部三 春上</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c21_tai_ping_yu_lan_0019.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0019">時序四</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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</tbody></table><table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)" class="ws-header" about="#mwt1">
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<table style="font-size:0.9em; text-align:left; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); float:right;color: inherit;">
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<tbody><tr><td style="color: #999999;"/></tr>
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</tbody></table></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p>《釋名》曰:春之言蠢也,萬物蠢然而生。</p>
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<p>又曰:正月少陽建寅,寅者,演也。律中太蔟,律之言率也,所以率氣也。太者,大也,蔟者,凑也,言萬物始大,凑地而出也。</p>
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<p>《書》曰:每歲孟春,遒人以木鐸徇于路。注云:遒人,宣令之官。木鐸,金鈴木舌,所以振文教也。</p>
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<p>又曰:分命羲仲,宅嵎夷,曰暘谷,平秩東作。日中星鳥,以殷仲春。</p>
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<p>《詩》曰:春日遲遲,采蘩祁祁。鄭注曰:遲遲,舒緩也。</p>
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<p>又曰:有女懷春,吉士誘之。</p>
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<p>又曰:春日載陽,爰求柔桑。</p>
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<p>又曰:嗟嗟保介,維暮之春,亦又何求,如何新佘。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt3" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>田二歲曰新,三歲曰畬。《箋》云:保介,車右也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《月令》曰:正月之節,日在虛,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>立春爲正月之節,謹按《春秋傳》曰:履端于始,謂節也。舉正于中,謂氣也。歸余于終,謂閏也。既有閏,則立春進退不恒在正月朔日,氣不定爲孟春之月,但得立春,則是正月之節,可以行春令矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏昴中,曉心中,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>凡記昏昴曉心中,爲人君南面而聽天下,觀時候以授人事也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>鬥建寅位之初,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>地有十二辰,斗柄杓常左旋指地位,故立春正月之節,則斗建寅位之初。《書》云:璇璣玉衡七政,此之謂矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其日甲乙,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《春秋傳》曰:天有十日,謂甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸。甲乙屬木,主春,故云其曰甲乙也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其帝太皞,其神勾芒,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>昔太皞氏以木德繼天而王,故爲春帝。高辛氏有天下,置五行之官而木正曰勾芒,故勾芒爲木神,佐太皞于春。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>律中太蔟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>律者,候氣之管,以竹爲之。中猶應也。正月氣至,則太蔟之律應。應謂吹灰也。太蔟者,林鐘所生,三分益一,管長八寸,空徑三分,圍九分。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>立春之日,東風解凍。後五日蟄蟲始振。後五日魚上冰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>昔在周公作時訓,定二十四氣,辨七十二候,每候相去各五日,以明天時,將驗人事,言聖人奉順天時,則萬物及節候也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命有司祭風師。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>立春之醜日,祭風師于國城東也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>正月中氣,日在危,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>雨水爲正月中氣,凡中氣前後去節十五日,《春秋傳》曰:舉正于中,此之謂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏畢中,曉尾中,鬥建寅位之中,雨水之日,獺祭魚。後五日,鴻雁來。後五日,草木萌動。天子乃以元日祈穀于上帝,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>元,吉也。謂上辛祈穀,郊祀昊天上帝于國丘。高祖神堯皇帝配坐,以五方帝從祀于壇。《春秋傳》曰:啓蟄而郊,郊而後耕,此之謂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命樂正習舞,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>春夏尚舞,故命習之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>禁止伐木,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>爲盛德所在。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>無麛無卵,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>無傷芒勾之類。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>掩骼埋胔。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>爲死氣逆生氣。枯骨曰骼,肉腐曰胔。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《釋名》曰:二月之夾鍾何?夾者孚也,言萬物孚甲,種類分也。</p>
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<p>《禮》曰:二月之節,日在營室,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>驚蟄爲二月之節。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏東井中,曉箕中,鬥建卯位之初,律中夾鍾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>二月之氣至則夾鐘之律應。夾鐘者,夷則之所生,三分益一,管長七寸四分。其日、其音、其數,幷同孟春。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>驚蟄之日,桃始華。後五日,倉庚鳴。後五日,鷹化爲鳩。省囹圄,去桎梏,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>省,减也。囹圄所以禁守系者,今之獄矣。木在手曰梏,在足曰桎。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>上丁釋奠于國學,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>釋謂置也,置牲幣之奠于文宣王。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>上戊釋奠于太廟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>廟亦用牲幣之奠。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:二月中氣,日在奎,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>春分爲二月中氣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏東井中,曉南斗中,鬥建卯位之中。春分之日,玄鳥至,雷乃發聲,祀朝日于東郊,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>春分日祭之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>獻羔開冰,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂立春藏冰,在春分方溫,故獻羔以祭司寒,而後開冰。《春秋傳》曰:日在北陸而藏冰,西陸朝覿而出之,先薦寢廟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>祠高禖,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>昔高辛氏之代,玄鳥遺卵,簡狄吞之而生高辛氏,後王以爲禖官嘉祥而立其祠焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>祭馬祖。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂仲春祭馬祖于大澤,用剛日。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>無竭川澤,無漉陂池,無焚山林。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>順陽養物也。蓄水曰陂,穿地通水曰池。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:三月之節,日在婁,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>清明爲三月之節也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏柳中,曉南斗中,鬥建辰位之初,律中沽洗。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>三月氣至,沽洗之律應。沽洗者,南呂之生也。三分益一,管長七寸一分。其日、其音、其數,幷同孟春。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:清明之日,桐始華,田鼠化爲鴽。後五日,虹始見。天子居青陽右個。是月也,天子乃薦鞠衣于先帝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鞠衣,衣名,蓋黃桑之服。薦于先帝者,爲進宇太廟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>天子始乘舟,薦鮪于寢廟,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>進時美味。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>聘名士,禮賢者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>聘謂問也。名士,謂有名譽也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:三月中氣,日在胃,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>穀雨爲三月中氣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昏張中,曉南斗中,鬥建辰位之中。穀雨之日,萍始生。後五日,鳴鳩拂其羽。後五日,戴勝降于桑。命有司無伐桑柘,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>受蠶食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乃修蠶器,擇吉日大合樂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>大合樂者,言行射禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《禮》曰:仲春之月,天子乃獻羔開冰,先薦寢廟。</p>
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<p>又曰:季春之月,蠶事既登,分繭秤絲效功,以供宗廟之服。</p>
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<p>又曰:季春之月,天子乃爲麥祈實。鄭玄注曰:於含秀求其成也。</p>
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<p>又曰:春生夏長,仁也;秋斂冬藏,義也。</p>
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<p>又曰:天子五年一巡狩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>天子以海內爲家,時一巡狩省之。五年者,虞夏之制也。周制十二歲一巡狩也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>歲二月,東巡狩至于岱宗,柴而望祀山川。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>柴祭天,告至也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>覲諸侯,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>覲,見也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>問百年者就見之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>就見老人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命太師陳詩以觀民風,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陳詩,謂采其詩而視之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命市納賈以觀民之所好惡,志淫好辟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>市典者賈,謂知物貴賤厚薄也。質則用物貴,民則侈。物貴民之志淫邪,則其所好者不正。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《周禮》曰:媒氏掌萬民之判,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>判,半也。合成夫婦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>仲春月會男女。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>成春禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>是時奔者不禁,無故而不用令者罰之。</p>
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<p>又曰:仲春詔後率內外命婦,始蠶于北郊,帥六宮之夫人,生穜稑之種,而獻之于王。</p>
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<p>又曰:羅氏仲春獻鳩以養國老。鄭玄注云:春鷹化而爲鳩,變舊爲新,宜以養老,助生氣。</p>
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<p>又曰:司烜氏掌仲春以木鐸修火禁。</p>
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<p>又曰:籥章掌仲春晝擊鼓,歌豳詩以逆之。</p>
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<p>又曰:四時皆有厲疾,春時有痟首疾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>厲疾,氣不和之疾。痟,酸削也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《傳》曰:春搜、夏苗、秋獮、冬狩,皆于農隙,以講武事也。</p>
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<p>《穀梁傳》曰:魯桓公十有四年春正月,無冰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>皆君不明去就,政治舒緩之所致。《五行傳》曰:視之不明,是謂不哲,厥咎舒,厥罰常燠。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>無冰,時燠也。</p>
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<p>又曰:四時之田,皆爲宗廟之事也。春曰田,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>取獸于田。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>夏曰苗,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>因爲苗時除害,故曰苗。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秋曰搜,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>搜,擇之,舍小取大。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>冬曰狩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>狩,圍狩也。冬物畢成,獲則取之無所擇。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《語》曰:莫春者,春服既成,冠者五六人,童子六七人,浴乎沂,風乎舞雩,咏而歸。</p>
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<p>《爾雅》曰:春爲青陽,一曰發生。</p>
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<p>又曰:春獵爲搜。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>搜索取也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:春祭爲祀。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>薦尚韭柳,《禮疏》曰:祀者,思也。思向所以設之曰祀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《大戴禮》曰:三代之禮,天子春朝朝日,秋暮夕月,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>祭日東壇,祭月西壇,故別外內,以端其政位。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>所以明有敬也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>教天下之臣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:司徒典春,以教民之不時不若不全,成長幼老疾孤寡,以時通于四疆,有闔而不通,有煩而不治,則民不樂生,不利衣食。凡民之藏貯,以及山川之神加于民者,發圖功謀齋戒必敬,會時必節,日曆巫祝執伎以守官俟命而作,祈王年,禱民命,及畜穀蜚征庶虞草。方春三月,緩施生育,動作百物,于時有事,享于皇祖皇考朝,孤子八人,以成春事。</p>
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<p>又曰:二月祭鮪,鮪者魚之先至也。</p>
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<p>又曰:三月參則伏不見。</p>
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<p>又曰:古者,天子孟春論吏之德行,能法者爲有行,能理得法者爲有能,盛法德者爲有功。故論吏而法行,事治而功成。季冬正法,孟春論吏,治國之要也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>春論班賞,冬考量刑,則莫不懲勸也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:諸侯相見,治卿爲介,以其教士畢行,使仁者守會朝于天子。天子以歲二月爲壇于東郊,建五色,設五兵,具五味,陳六律,品奏五聲,聽明教,置離抗,大張侯,規鵠竪物。九卿佐三公,三公佐天子,天子踐位,諸侯各以其局就位,乃升諸侯之教,士執弓挾矢,揖讓以升,履物以射其地,以心端色容正,時以效技有慶以地,不時有讓以地,天下之有道也。</p>
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<p>《開元禮》曰:仲春上丁,釋奠于太學,孔宣父爲先聖,顔子爲先師。上戊,釋奠于齊太公。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以張良配。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《易通統圖》曰:日春行東方青道曰東陸。</p>
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<p>《易說》曰:春有白鶴云。</p>
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<p>京房《易占》曰:春當退貪殘,進柔良,恤幼孤,賑不足,求隱士,則萬物應節而生,隨氣而長,所謂春令也。春取榆柳之火。</p>
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<p>《尚書大傳》曰:萬物非天不生,非地不載,非春不動,非夏不長,非秋不收,非冬不藏。故《書》「禋于六宗」,此之謂也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>禋,祭也。字當爲禋。馬氏以爲六宗謂日月星辰泰山河海也。經曰:肆類于上帝,禋于六宗,望秩于山川,遍于群神。《月令》:孟冬,天子祈來年于天宗。如此,則六宗近謂天神也。以《周禮》差之,則爲星辰,司人,司命,風師,雨師也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:東方者何也?動方也,物之動也。何以謂之春,春出也,物之出也。故春謂之東方也。</p>
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<p>《尚書說》曰:東方春,龍房位,其規仁,好生不賊。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>五靈,東方曰蒼龍,五均,東曰規,五姓,曰仁也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其帝青,表聖明,行趨德。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>表,德也。春好生,故曰德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《尚書考靈耀》曰:春佩蒼璧,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蒼佩玉,以象德也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乘蒼馬以出游,發令于外,春行仁政,順天之常,以安國也。</p>
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<p>又曰:鳥星爲春候。</p>
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<p>《詩含神霧》曰:齊地處孟春之位,海岱之間,土地污泥,流之所歸,利之所聚。律中太蔟,音中宮角。陳地處季春之位,土地平夷,無有山谷,律中沽洗,音中宮徵。</p>
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<p>《韓詩外傳》:簡主曰:夫春樹桃李,夏得蔭其下,秋得食其實;春樹蒺藜,夏不可采其葉,秋得其刺焉。由此觀之,在所樹也,今子所樹非其人也。故君子擇而後種。</p>
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<p>又曰:天有四時,春夏秋冬,風雨霜露,無非教也。</p>
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<p>《韓詩章句》曰:溱與洧,方渙渙兮。謂三月桃花水下時,鄭國之俗,三月上已于此水招魂續魄,祓除不祥之故也。</p>
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<p>《三禮義宗》曰:五行之官也,木正曰勾芒者,物始生皆勾屈而芒角,因用爲官名。</p>
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<p>又曰:祭六宗之禮,寒暑有往來之期,可退則祭禳却之命退,應至而不至,則祭求之命至。故春則送寒而迎暑,秋則送暑而迎寒。</p>
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<p>又曰:東岳所以謂之岱者,代謝之義。陽春用事,除故生新,萬物更生,相代之道,故以代爲名也。</p>
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<p>又曰:天子諸侯宮寢之制,若春氣三月之中居正寢,退息之時常居東北之寢,三月之末,土王之日則居中寢,夏之三月則居東南之寢,秋之三月則居西南之寢,冬之三月則居西北之寢。此三時後,土王之日,亦各居中寢,以從時氣。</p>
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<p>又曰:古之學者,干戈之舞得從春夏,羽籥之職得入秋冬,四事之中有文有武,故得分之。</p>
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</section></body></html>
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