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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷二十一</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt1">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c22_tai_ping_yu_lan_0020.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0020">時序部五</a> <span style="color:#999"></span></td>
<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷二十一.時序部六 夏上</td>
<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"></span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c24_tai_ping_yu_lan_0022.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0022">時序部七</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<p>《爾雅》曰:夏爲朱明。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt3" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>孫炎曰:夏氣赤而光明。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:夏爲昊天。</p>
<p>又曰:夏爲長嬴。</p>
<p>又曰:夏祭曰薦。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>薦上帝魚,初薄也。夏時百穀未登,可薦者薄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《釋名》曰:五月謂之蕤賓,蕤者,下也,賓者,敬也。言陽氣下,陰氣上,極陰氣始,賓敬之也。</p>
<p>《書》曰:夏暑雨,小民亦惟曰怨嗟。</p>
<p>又:《堯典》曰:申命羲叔,宅南交。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>申,重也。交,言夏與春交。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>平秩南訛。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>訛,化也。掌夏之官,平序南方化育之事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>日永,星火,以正仲夏。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>永,長也,謂夏至之日也。蒼龍之中星,舉中則七星見可知也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>厥民因,鳥獸稀革。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>因,謂老弱因就在田,夏時鳥獸毛羽稀少。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《詩》曰:四月秀葽。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不榮而實曰秀。葽,草也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:正月繁霜,我心憂傷。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>正月,夏之四月建巳之月,純陽用事,而霜多急恒寒若之异,傷害萬物,故心爲之憂傷。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>民之訛言,亦孔之將。</p>
<p>又曰:綢繆束楚,三星在戶。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>三星,五月中直戶也。《箋》云:心星在戶,謂五月之節,六月之中。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>今夕何夕,見此粲者。</p>
<p>又曰:維此六月,既成我服。我服既成,于三十里。</p>
<p>又曰:六月食鬱及薁。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鬱,棣屬。薁,嬰薁也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:六月莎鶏振羽。</p>
<p>又曰:四月維夏,六月徂暑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>徂,往也。六月火星中,暑盛而往矣。《箋》云:徂,猶始也,六月乃始盛,與人爲惡亦有漸,非一朝一夕。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:無冬無夏,值此鷺羽。</p>
<p>又曰:冬之夜,夏之日,百歲之後,歸于其室。</p>
<p>《傳》曰:龍見而雩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>龍,角、亢,星也。建巳月,昏見東方。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《禮》曰:四月之節,日在卯,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>立夏爲四月節。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏翼中,曉牽牛中,鬥建巳位之初,其日丙丁,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>丙丁屬火,主夏,故云其日丙丁。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其帝炎帝,其神祝融,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>昔炎帝神農氏以火德王,繼天而王,故爲夏帝。火正爲祝融,佐炎帝于夏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其蟲羽,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>南方朱鳥羽蟲之長凡有羽之類皆屬<EFBFBD>故曰其蟲羽。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其音徵,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>三分宮去其一以生徵,徵數五十四屬火,以其徵清,事之象也。夏和則徵聲調。《樂記》曰:徵亂則哀,其事勤。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>律中仲呂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>四月氣至,則仲呂之律應。仲呂者,無射之所生,三分益一,管長六寸六分。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>立夏之日,螻蟈鳴,後五日蚯蚓出,後五日王瓜生,盛德在火,迎夏于南郊,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>迎夏爲祀赤帝。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>命樂正習盛樂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>爲將大雩,先習盛樂。自鞀鞞至柷敔皆作曰盛樂。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>中氣,日在畢,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>小滿,爲四月中氣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏軫中,曉須女中,鬥建巳位之中。小滿之日,苦菜秀,後五日靡草死,後五日小暑至,挺重囚,出輕系,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>挺猶寬也。重囚寬之,至秋方决。輕系出而舍之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>無起土功,無發大衆,無伐大樹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>爲妨蠶農之事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>天子初衣暑服,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《論語》曰:當署袗絺綌。謂暑服。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>無大田獵,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>恐傷生類。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以含桃先薦寢廟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>含桃,櫻桃也。先薦寢廟,後乃食之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>蠶事既登,后妃獻繭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>后妃獻繭,進其成功也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>天子飲酎,用禮樂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>酎之言醇也。春酒至此始成,與群臥飲之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:五月之節,日在參,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>芒種爲五月節也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏角中,曉危中,鬥建午位之初,律中蕤賓。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>五月氣至,則蕤賓之律應。蕤賓者,應鐘之所生,三分益一,管長六寸三分,其日、其音、其數幷同孟夏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>芒種之日,螳螂生,後五日鵙,始鳴,後五日反舌無聲,縶騰駒,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>恐相蹄齧。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>班馬政,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>馬政,謂掌十二閑養馬之政教。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>聚蓄百藥。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>因草木蕃廡之時,則采聚百藥。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>中氣日在東井,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏至爲五月中氣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏亢中,曉營室中,鬥建午位之中。夏至之日,鹿角解,後五日蜩始鳴,後五日半夏生。祀皇地祗于方丘。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏至之日祀皇地祗于方丘,以高祖神堯皇帝配坐,以岳瀆等神從祀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>日長至,陰陽爭,死生分。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏至之日,漏刻長,陽氣欲衰,陰氣欲興,陽日生,陰日死,至之日相與分。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君子齊戒,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以陰陽相爭之時,務欲安靜。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>薄滋味,無致和,謂陰氣始興,身尚靜,味尚薄。節嗜欲,定心氣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>微陰扶精不可散。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>無用火于南方,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>陽氣盛,又用火于其方,害微陰。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>可以居高明,可以遠眺望,可以升山陵,可以處台榭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>是月暑氣方盛,可以登遠望,順陽居上。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:六月之節,日在東井。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>小暑爲六月之節。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏氐中,曉東璧中,鬥建未位之初,律中林鍾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>六月氣至,則林鐘之律應。林鐘者,黃鐘之所生,三分去一,管長六寸,其日、其音、其數,幷同孟夏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>小暑之日,溫風至,後五日蟋蟀居壁,後五日鷹乃學習。中氣日在柳,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>大暑爲六月中氣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>昏尾中,曉奎中,鬥建未位之中。大暑之日,腐草爲螢,後五日土潤溽暑,後五日大雨時行。命有司人入山行木,無有斬伐。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>爲其未堅成也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>中央土,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>火休而盛德在上。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其日戊巳,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>戊巳屬土,故云其日戊巳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其帝黃帝,其神后土,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>昔黃帝軒轅氏以土德繼天而王,故爲黃帝,土官之神曰后土。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其神后土,其蟲裸,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>無毛羽,鱗介之類。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其音宮,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>音始于宮,宮數八十一,屬土,以其最大。《樂記》曰:宮亂則荒,其君驕。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>律中黃鐘之宮,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>黃鐘主十一月,土在林鐘、夷則之間,各有分主,不可假借,故引黃鐘之清宮爲土律,其管半黃鐘之管,長四寸五分,則黃鐘之清宮也。故季夏十八日已后土王,氣至,則黃鐘之宮應之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其祀中霤,祭先心。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中霤,猶中室也。祭中霤之禮爲祀,先進心也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:樂正崇四術,立四教,春夏教以《詩》《書》。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>春夏陽也。《詩》、《書》者,聲亦陽也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:凡學,春夏學干戈。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幹,盾也,戈,勾子戟也。干戈萬舞,象武也,用動作之時學之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:春誦夏弦,太師詔之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>誦謂歌樂也,弦謂以絲播詩。陽用事,則學之以聲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:春作夏長,仁也。</p>
<p>又曰:《明堂位》曰:「季夏六月,以禘禮祀周公于太廟,朱幹玉戚,冕而舞《太武》,皮弁素積,裼而舞《大夏》。</p>
<p>《周禮》曰:蕤賓,午之氣,五月建焉,而辰在鶉首。</p>
<p>又曰:山虞以仲夏斬陰木。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭衆曰:陰木,秋冬生者。鄭玄曰:陰木,生山北者。冬斬陽,夏斬陰,堅濡調也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:淩人掌冰,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>淩,冰室也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>夏頒冰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>暑氣盛,王以冰頒賜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:柞氏掌攻草木及林麓。夏日至,令刊陽木而火之。</p>
<p>又曰:夏見曰宗。宗,尊也。義取主火。《大行人》云:夏宗以陳天下之謨。</p>
<p>《穀梁傳》曰:四時之田,皆爲宗廟之事也。夏田曰苗。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>因爲苗稼除害,故曰苗。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《皇覽逸禮》曰:夏則乘赤輅,駕赤騮,載赤旗,以迎夏于南郊。其祭先黍與鶏。居明堂正廟,啓南戶。</p>
<p>《尚書大傳》曰:南方者,何也?任方也。任方者,物之方。任,何以謂之夏?夏者,假也。籲荼萬物養之外者也。故曰南方夏也。</p>
<p>又曰:主夏者火,火昏中,可以種黍菽。上告乎天子,而下賦之民。</p>
<p>《三禮義宗》曰:夏,大也,謂萬物長大也。夏謂南者,南,任也。</p>
<p>又曰:火正曰祝融者,祝,甚也,融,明也。言夏時物氣甚明也。</p>
<p>又曰:南岳謂之霍,霍者,護也。言陽氣用事,盛夏之日,護養萬物,故以爲稱。</p>
<p>又曰:六月小暑爲節者,此以相形爲名,形大暑,故謂之小暑。六月之初,暑氣熱未極,故以小爲名。大暑爲中者,自十一月一陽爻王,從地下而出,至此之時,方始上徹,陽氣幷出地上,大暑既極,故大暑爲中。</p>
<p>《大戴禮》曰:夏以教士,車甲士執伎論力,循四衛,强股肱,質射禦,才武聰慧治衆長,平可以爲儀綴于國,出可以爲卒誘于軍旅。四方諸侯之游士,國中之賢者充焉。方夏三月,養長莠,蕃庶物。于時有事,享于皇考,爵士之有慶者七人,以成夏事。</p>
<p>《易通統圖》曰:夏日月行東南赤道,曰南陸。</p>
<p>《尚書考靈耀》曰:火星爲夏,期專陽相助,同精感符。</p>
<p>《詩含神霧》曰:曹地處季夏之位,土地勁急,音中徵,其聲清以急。</p>
<p>《春秋繁露》曰:夏樂氣故養也。</p>
<p>《孝經說》曰:鬥指午爲夏。</p>
<p>《鶡冠子》曰:斗柄南指,天下皆夏。</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/史記" title="史記">史記</a>》曰:墨者亦尚堯舜,言德行,曰:夏日葛衣,冬日鹿裘。</p>
<p>又曰:田嬰有子四十餘人,其賤妾有子名文,以五月五日生。嬰告其母曰:「勿舉也。」其母竊舉生之,及長,因其兄弟而見其子文于田嬰。田嬰怒其母曰:「吾令若去此子,敢生之何也?」文頓首,因曰:「君所不舉五月子者,何故?」嬰曰:「五月子者,長及戶齊,將不利其父母。」文曰:「人生受命于天,君何憂焉?必受命于戶,則可高其戶耳。誰能至戶者?」嬰曰:「子休矣。」</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰:熒惑曰南方夏火,禮也,視也。禮虧視失,逆夏令,傷火氣,罰見熒惑。逆行二舍爲不祥,居之三月國有殃,五月受兵,七月國半亡地,九月地太半亡。</p>
<p>又曰:漢武始幸雍,郊見五帝,以孟夏四月答禮焉。</p>
<p>又曰:賈誼既已謫居長沙,長沙卑濕,自以爲壽不得長,傷悼之,乃爲賦以自廣。曰:「單閼之歲兮,四月孟夏;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>歲在卯曰單閼。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>庚子日斜兮,鵩集餘舍。」</p>
<p>《五行志》曰:秦始皇年四月大寒,人多凍死,時嫪毐及大臣二十餘人車裂以徇而滅宗,放遷四十餘家于房陵。</p>
<p>《漢書食貨志》曰:朝錯曰:「今農人五口之家,其服役者不下二人,其能耕者不過百畝,百畝之收,不過百石。春耕夏耘,秋獲冬藏,伐樵,薪,治官府,給役使。春不得避風塵,夏不得避暑熱,秋不得避陰雨,冬不得避寒凍,四時之間,無日休息。」</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》魏相上書曰:南方之神炎帝,乘離執衡司夏。張晏曰:火爲禮,禮者齊下,故爲衡也。</p>
<p>又曰:昔魯昭公十七年六月朔日食。說曰:六正月謂周六月,夏四月,正陽純乾之月也。止慝謂陰爻也,冬至陽爻起初,故曰復,至建巳之月爲純乾,亡陰爻,陰侵陽,爲灾重,故伐鼓用幣,責陰之禮。劉歆以爲六月二日,魯分也。</p>
<p>又漢元帝<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:需要指定公元的紀年" title="Category:需要指定公元的紀年" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="請指定為“107年”或“420年”">永初元年</span></a>四月,日色青白無景,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>韋昭曰:下無景也。景謂惟質見耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>正中時有景亡光。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>韋昭曰:無光耀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是夏寒,至九月,日乃有光。</p>
<p>《續漢書·律曆志》曰:日行南陸謂之夏。</p>
<p>《後漢書·禮儀志》曰:五月五日,朱索五色桃印爲門戶飾,以止惡氣。</p>
<p>又曰:仲夏之月,陰氣萌作,恐物不茂,其禮以朱索連葦以施門戶。</p>
<p>又曰:立夏之日,夜漏未盡五刻,京都百官皆衣赤衣,迎夏于南郊。</p>
<p>《後漢書》張純奏儀:禮三年一祫,五年一禘,禘祭以夏四月。夏者,陽氣在上,陰氣在下,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>四月乾卦用事,故言陽氣在上。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故正尊卑之義也。</p>
<p>謝承《後漢書》曰:羊茂,字季實,爲東郡守,夏處單板榻。</p>
<p>又曰:宋均爲九江太守,五日一視事,夏以平旦。</p>
<p>《晋書》曰:魏末有孫登,字公和,汲郡人,無家屬,時人于汲縣北山上土窟中得之,夏則編草爲裳。</p>
<p>又曰:肅慎國一名抱樓,夏則巢居。</p>
<p>《晋書》曰:山濤將去選官,舉嵇康自代。康與濤書告絕。且曰:「性巧而好鍛。」宅中有一柳樹甚茂,乃激水圜之,夏月居其下以鍛。東平呂安服康高致,每一相思,千里命駕。每鍛而向秀爲佐。</p>
<p>又《五行志》云:晋義熙時,桓玄既篡位。謠曰:「草生及馬腹,鳥啄桓玄目」。及玄敗走,至江陵,時當五月中被誅。</p>
<p>《晋陽秋》曰:車胤,字武子,家貧讀書,不常得油,夏月則練囊盛數十螢,以夜繼日。</p>
<p>沈約《宋書》云:羊欣,字敬元,父不疑爲烏程縣令,欣時年十二,王獻之爲吳興守,甚知愛之。嘗夏月入縣,欣著新練裙,晝寢。獻之書數幅而去。欣本工書,因此彌善。</p>
<p>又曰:劉敬宣八歲喪母,四月八日入寺,乃下頭上金鏡爲母灌佛,因泣下,悲不自勝。</p>
<p>《北齊書》曰:僕射魏收,字伯起。初習武不成,改節讀書,夏月坐板床,隨逐樹陰,諷讀累年,床爲之銳,遂工辭令也。</p>
<p>《南史》曰:梁何遠爲武昌太守,武昌俗皆汲江水,盛夏,水遠患水溫,每以錢買人井寒水,不受錢者,則以水還之。其他事率多此類。</p>
<p>陸翽《鄴中記》曰:石季龍于冰井臺藏冰,三伏之月,以冰賜大臣。</p>
<p>《趙書》曰:汲桑六月盛暑而重裘累茵,使十餘人扇之,患不得清凉,斬扇者。軍中爲之謠曰:「奴爲將軍何可羞,六月重茵被狐裘,不識寒暑斷人頭。」</p>
<p>《三十國春秋》曰:燕王慕容熙後符氏,嘗季夏思凍魚膾,仲冬鬚生地黃,皆下有司切責之,不得,加之以辟焉。</p>
<p>《隋書》曰:煬帝<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:616年_(提及)" title="Category:616年 (提及)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="616年">大業十二年</span></a>五月,上幸玉華宮,徵求螢火,得數斛,夜出游于山而放之,光遍岩穀。</p>
<p>《續會要》曰:<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:790年_(提及)" title="Category:790年 (提及)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="790年">貞元六年</span></a>五月朔,禦紫宸殿受朝。先是上以五月一陰生,臣子道長,君父道衰,非善月也。因創是月朝見之儀也。</p>
<p>《國語》曰:魯宣公夏濫于泗淵,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>漬罟于泗水之泉以取魚。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>裏革斷其罟而弃之,曰:「古者大寒降,土蟄發,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>寒氣發,謂季冬建醜之月。土蟄發,謂孟春建寅之月。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>水虞于是乎講罛罶,取名魚,登川禽,而嘗之寢廟,行諸國人,助宣氣也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>水虞,漁師也。罟,魚網罾笱也。言陽氣起,魚負冰,故令國人取之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>今魚方別孕,不教魚長,又行網罟,貪無蓺也。」公曰:「吾過矣」。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>藝猶極也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《吳越春秋》曰:越王念吳之復,夏則握火。</p>
<p>《說苑》曰:趙簡子謂陽虎曰:「桃李,春夏得休息,秋得食;樹蒺藜者,夏不得息,秋得刺。今子種樹蒺藜耳。」</p>
<p>《太公金匱》曰:紂常以六月獵于西土,發民逐禽。民諫曰:「今六月天務覆施,地務長養,今盛夏乃發民逐禽,而元元懸于野,君殘一日之苗,而民百日不食。天子失道,後必無福。」紂以爲妖言而誅之。後數月,天暴風雨,髮屋折木。</p>
<p>《六韜》曰:武王伐殷,得二大夫而問之。曰:「殷國常雨血、雨灰、雨石,小者如鶏子,大者如箕。常六月雨雪,深丈餘。」武王曰:「大哉妖也!」其一人曰:「是非大妖也。殷國大妖三十七章,雨血、雨灰、雨石,盛夏雨雪,臣不以爲妖灾。」武王踧然而問三十七章之妖。對曰:「殷君好射人以喂虎,喜割人心,喜殺孕婦,喜煞人父、孤人之子。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>上數事,皆三十七章之事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:夏不操扇,冬不服裘,天雨不張蓋,名曰禮將。</p>
<p>又曰:冬冰可折,夏條可結。</p>
<p>《傅子》曰:夏令披裘,冬令披葛,雖有嚴令,終不從者,逆也。</p>
<p>《世說》曰:郗嘉賓三伏之月詣謝公,炎暑方盛,雖復當風交扇,猶沾汗流離。</p>
<p>又曰:周鎮罷臨川還都,泊清溪,時夏暴雨,舡舫狹小而漏,殆無坐處。丞相王導曰:「胡威之清,何以過此。」</p>
<p>又曰:劉真長始見王丞相,時盛暑之月,丞相以腹熨彈棋局,曰:「何如乃渹。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>吳人以冷爲渹也。音楚敬反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>劉既出,人問見王公如何?劉曰:「未見他异,唯作吳語耳。」</p>
<p>又曰:胡廣本姓黃,五月生,父母惡之,乃置之瓮投于江。胡翁見瓮流下,聞有小兒啼聲,往取,因長養之以爲子。遂七登三司,流中庸之號。廣後不治其本親服,云:「我本親以已爲死人也。」世以爲深譏焉。</p>
<p>又曰:謝遏<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>按謝朗小名遏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>夏月常仰臥。謝公清晨卒來,未暇著衣,跣出屋外,方躡履問訊。公曰:「汝可謂前踞後恭。」</p>
<p>《語林》曰:何平叔美姿儀而絕白,魏文帝疑傅以粉,夏月與熱湯餅,既啖,大汗出,隨以朱衣自拭,色轉皎然。</p>
<p>又曰:陸機夏在洛,忽思東頭竹筱飲,語劉寶曰:「吾思鄉轉深矣。」</p>
<p>《公孫尼子》曰:孔子有病,哀公使醫視之,醫曰:「子居處飲食何如?」孔子曰:「春居葛籠,夏居密陽,秋不風,冬不煬,飲食不匱,飲酒不勤。」醫曰:「是良藥也。」</p>
<p>《太玄經》曰:蒙,南方也,夏也,物之修長也,皆可得而載也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂長出向上也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《括地圖》曰:天毒國最暑熱,夏草木皆乾。</p>
<p>《白虎通》曰:六月謂之林鍾,林者衆也,萬物成熟類衆多也。</p>
<p>蔡邕《月令章句》曰:百穀各以其初生爲春,熟爲秋。故麥以孟夏爲秋。</p>
<p>《祠令》曰:季夏土王日,祀黃帝于南郊,帝軒轅配后土從之。</p>
<p>又曰:季夏迎氣日,祀中霤。</p>
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