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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷二百七十二.兵部三</td>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n4814" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85599408" title="d:Q85599408" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="jiang_shuai_shang"><span id="id-.E5.B0.87.E5.B8.A5.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>將帥上</h2>
<p>《開元文字》曰:將,率也。</p>
<p>《春秋元命苞》曰:上天一星爲郎將。</p>
<p>《左傳》曰:楚子及諸侯圍宋,宋公孫固如晋告急。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>公孫固,宋莊公孫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>先軫曰:「報施救患,取威定霸,于是乎在矣。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>先軫,下軍之佐原軫也。報宋贈馬之施也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>狐偃曰:「楚始得曹而新婚于衛,若伐曹、衛,楚必救之,則齊、宋免矣。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>前年楚使申叔戍<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>以逼齊。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>於是乎蒐于被廬,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>晋常以蒐禮改政令,敬其始也。被廬,晋地。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>作三軍,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>閔元年晋獻公作三軍,令復大國之禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>謀元帥。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中軍師。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>趙衰曰:「卻縠可。臣亟聞其言矣。說禮樂而敦詩書。詩書,義之府也;禮樂,德之則也;德義,利之本也。《夏書》曰:「賦納以言,明試以功,車服以庸。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>尚書,虞夏書也。賦納以言觀其志也,明試以功考其事也,車服以庸報其勞也。賦,猶取也。庸,功也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君其試之。」乃使卻縠將中軍,郤溱佐之;使狐偃將上軍,讓于狐毛,而佐之;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>毛,狐偃之兄。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>命趙衰爲卿,讓于欒枝、先軫。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>欒枝,貞子也。欒賓之孫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使欒枝將下軍,先軫佐之。荀林父禦戎,魏<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>爲右。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>荀林父,中行桓子。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《公羊傳》曰:君將使射姑將,陽處父諫曰:「射姑民衆不說,不可使將。」于是廢將。</p>
<p>《戰國策》曰:秦與趙兵相距長平,趙孝成王使趙奢之子將。藺相如曰:「王以名使括,若膠柱而鼓瑟耳。此子徒能讀其父奢書傳,而不知合變也。」趙王不聽。奢子括少時學兵法,言兵事,以天下莫能當。嘗與其父言兵事,奢不能難,然不謂之善。其母問其故,奢曰:「兵,死地也。而乃易言之。趙若以爲將,破軍者必是兒。」及括將行,其母上書具言不可,曰:「始妾事其父,時爲將,大王及宗室所賞者盡以與軍吏士大夫,受命之日,不問家事。今此兒爲將,東向而朝,軍吏無敢仰視之者,王所賜金帛,歸藏于家,而日視便利田宅買之。王以爲如其父?父子异心,願王毋遣。」王曰:「吾已决矣。」其母因曰:「即有如不稱,妾得無隨罪乎?王許之:「諾。」遂與秦軍戰,死,軍敗,數十萬降秦,秦悉坑之。</p>
<p>《國語》曰:公使趙衰爲卿,辭曰:「欒枝貞愼,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>枝,晋大夫欒共子之子也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>先軫有謀,胥臣多聞,皆可以爲輔,臣弗若也。」乃使欒枝將下軍,先軫佐之。前取五鹿,先軫之謀也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>五鹿,衛地。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>卻縠卒,使先軫代之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>從下軍之佐超將中軍。傳曰:尚德也,代先軫之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>胥臣佐下軍。</p>
<p>又曰:公使原季爲卿,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>原季,趙衰也,文公二年爲原大夫卿次卿。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>辭曰:「夫三德者,偃之出也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>偃,狐偃。三德謂勸文公納襄王以示民義,伐原以示民信,大蒐以示民禮,故以三德紀民。三德紀之語在下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以德紀民,其章大矣,不可廢也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>章,著也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使狐偃爲卿,辭曰:「毛之智,賢于臣,其齒又長。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>毛,偃之兄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>毛也不在位,不敢聞命。」乃使狐毛將上軍,狐偃佐之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>尚齒也。《傳》曰:「使狐偃將上軍,讓于狐毛而佐之。」是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>狐毛卒,使趙衰代之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>虞唐云:代將新軍。昭謂代將上軍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>辭曰:「城濮之役,先且居之佐軍也善,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>先且居,先軫之子,蒲城伯復受霍爲霍伯也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>軍伐有賞,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>伐,功也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>善君有賞,能其官有賞。且居有三賞,不可廢也。且臣之倫,箕鄭、胥嬰、先都在。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>倫匹三子,晋大夫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>乃使先且居將上軍。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>代狐毛也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>公曰:「趙衰三讓。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>三使爲卿,三讓之。進欒枝等八人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其所讓,皆社稷之衛也。廢讓,是廢德也。」以趙衰之故,蒐于清源,作五軍。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>清源,警地。晋本三軍,有中軍上下,今有五,益新上下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使趙衰將新上軍,箕鄭佐之;胥嬰將新下軍,先都佐之。子犯卒,蒲城伯請佐,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>蒲城伯,先且居。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>公曰:「夫趙衰三讓不失義。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>義,宜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>讓,推賢也。義,廣德也。德廣賢至,有何患矣!請令衰也從子。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>從先且居。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>乃使趙衰佐新上軍。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>此有新字,誤也。趙衰從新上軍之將進佐上軍爲外一等,新上軍之將位在上軍佐之下。此章或在狐毛卒上,非也,當左下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《史記·孟嘗君傳》曰:文聞將門必有將,相門必有相。</p>
<p>又《項羽本紀》曰:項氏世世爲楚將,封于項,故姓項氏。</p>
<p>又曰:章邯已破項梁軍,則以爲楚兵不足憂,乃渡河擊趙,大破之。當此之時,趙歇爲王,陳餘爲將,張耳爲相。</p>
<p>又曰:魏文侯問曰:「吳起何如人?」李克曰:「起貪而好色,然其用兵,司馬穰苴弗能過也。」于是魏文侯以爲將,擊秦,拔五城。</p>
<p>又《王剪傳》曰:或曰:「王離,秦之名將也。今將强秦之兵,攻新造之趙,舉之必矣。」客曰:「不然。夫爲將三世者必敗。何以?其殺伐多矣,其後受其不祥。」</p>
<p>又《淮陰侯傳》曰:韓信曰:「陛下非能將兵,而善將將,此乃信之所以爲陛下禽也」。</p>
<p>《漢書·韓信傳》曰:漢王使酈生往說魏王豹,豹不聽,乃以信爲左丞相擊魏。信問酈生:「魏得毋用周叔爲大將乎?」曰:「柏直也。」信曰:「竪子耳。」遂進擊魏。</p>
<p>又《陸賈傳》曰:賈謂陳平曰:「天下安,注意相;天下危,注意將。將相和,則士豫附,士豫附,天下雖有變,則權不分。爲社稷計,在兩君掌握耳。」</p>
<p>又《齊王傳》曰:祝午紿琅琊王曰:「呂氏爲亂,齊王發兵欲西誅之。齊王自以兒子年少,不習兵革之事,願舉國委大王。大王自高帝將也。」</p>
<p>《後漢書·虞詡傳》曰:李循曰:「關西出將,關東出相,觀其習兵壯勇,實過餘州。」</p>
<p>又曰:大將曹公每攻城破邑,得靡麗之物則悉以賜有功者。若勛勞宜賞,則不吝萬金。無功冀施,分毫不與。</p>
<p>《魏志》曰:太祖旣破張綉,東擒呂布,定徐州,遂與袁紹相距。孔融謂荀彧曰:「紹地廣兵强,田豐、許攸智計之士爲之謀;審配、逢紀,盡忠之臣也任其事;顔良、文醜勇冠三軍,統其兵。殆難克乎?」彧曰:「顔良、文醜,匹夫之勇,可一戰而擒。」</p>
<p>又曰:太祖征荊南,劉備奔吳,論者以爲權必殺備。程昱料之曰:「孫權新立,未爲海內所憚。曹公無敵于天下,初舉荊州,不能獨當。劉備英名,關羽、張飛皆萬人敵,權必資之以禦我。難解勢分,備資以成,又不可得而殺也。」權果多與備兵以禦太祖。</p>
<p>《晋書》曰:王導,字茂弘,光祿大夫覽之孫也。父裁,鎮軍司馬。導少有風鑒,識量清遠。年十四,陳留高士張公見而奇之,謂其從兄敦曰:「此兒容貌志氣,將相之器也。」</p>
<p>又《張華傳》曰:今之所要在軍帥,然議者舉將,多推宿舊。</p>
<p>又《莫容德載記》曰:昔韓信以裨將伐齊,有征無戰;耿<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>以偏軍討張涉,克不移朔。</p>
<p>《後周書》曰:王勵,性忠果,有才幹。年七十,從太祖入關,及太祖平秦隴、定關中,勵常侍從。太祖嘗謂之曰:「爲將,坐見成敗者上也,被堅執銳者次也。」勵曰:「意欲兼之。」太祖大笑。</p>
<p>《隋書》曰:煬帝之在東宮,嘗謂弼曰:「楊素、韓擒虎、史萬歲,三人俱稱良將。其間優劣何如?」弼曰:「楊素是猛將,非謀將;韓擒虎是鬥將,非領將;史萬歲是騎將,非大將。」太子曰:「然則大將誰也?」弼拜曰:「惟殿下所擇。」弼意自許爲大將。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>弼,賀若弼。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《唐書》曰:太宗嘗論將帥,謂左右曰:「當今名將,惟李<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>、任城王道宗、薛萬徹三人而已。李<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>、道宗不能大勝亦不大敗,萬徹非大勝即大敗。」</p>
<p>又曰:太宗與長孫無忌、薛萬徹等宴于丹霄殿,各賜膜皮,而誤呼「萬徹」爲萬均,因愴然曰:「萬均,朕之勛舊,不幸早亡,不覺呼名,豈其魂靈欲朕之賜也。」因取膜皮,呼「萬均」以同賜而焚之于前,侍坐者無不感泣。潞公薛萬均,萬徹兄也,國初立大功,故太宗思之。</p>
<p>又曰:賈言忠,乾封中爲侍御史。時朝廷有事遼東,言忠奉使往支軍糧。及還,高宗問以軍事,言忠畫其山川、地勢,具陳遼東可平之狀,高宗大悅。又問諸將優劣,言忠曰:「李<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>先朝舊臣,聖鑒所悉;龐同差雖非鬥將,而持軍嚴整;薛仁貴勇冠三軍,名可振敵;高侃儉素自處,忠果有謀,契<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>何力,沉毅持重,有統禦之才,然頗有忌前之癖。諸將夙夜小心,忘身憂國,莫逮于李<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>者。」高宗深然之。</p>
<p>又曰:裴度使蔡州行營,宣諭諸軍旣還,帝問諸將之才,度曰:「臣觀李光顔,見義能勇,終有所成。」不數日,光顔奏大破賊軍于時曲。帝尤嘆度之知人。</p>
<p>又曰:朱滔效順,代宗臨軒勞問,旣而曰:「卿自謂才孰與泚多?」滔曰:「各有長短。統禦士衆,方略明辨,臣不及泚。臣年二十八獲謁龍顔,泚長臣五歲,未朝鳳闕,泚不及臣。」代宗愈喜。</p>
<p>《古司馬兵法》曰:上貴不伐之士。不伐之士,上之器也。苟不伐,則無求,無求則不爭。國中之聽,必得其情;軍旅之聽,必得其宜。此貴不伐之士也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不伐之士治國必得其實,在軍必得其宜,故先貴而用之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>從命爲士上賞,犯命爲士上戮,故其勇力不相犯。旣致教其民,然後謹選而使之。事極修則百官給矣。教極省則人興良矣。</p>
<p>又曰:凡戰,勝則與衆分善。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將雖有獨見之知,戰勝不自取功,常推與下分者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>選良,先無功者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>勇猛勁才,戰不得功,後戰必選爲前,當以激致其銳氣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>若使不勝,使過在已。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>戰有失利,當爲吏士引其過咎,令無慚愧,使復可使。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:上同無獲,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將智與衆同等不能自用,又不能用人,隨衆取同,故無功也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>上專多死,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將無明智,耻求賢問智,自專事爲衆所弊,故戰多死也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>上生多疑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將無義必,苟求全免害避難,則士多疑者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>上死不勝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將無善略,苟以死當敵,故不勝也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡民死愛,死怒,死威,死義,死利。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>視下如子,則民生愛;志意激揚,則民怨怒;使民以禮,征伐以義,則民死威;賞賜分明,則民死義;爵賞厚,則民死利。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《孫子》曰:將者,智信仁勇嚴也。故知兵之術,人之司命,國家安民之主也。將者,國輔。輔周,則國必强;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將周密謀不泄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>輔隙,則國必弱。</p>
<p>又曰:故君之所以患于軍者三。三者何也?曰:不知軍之不可進而謂之進,不知軍之不可退而謂之退,是謂縻軍;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>縻,禦。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不知軍中之事而同軍中之政,則軍士惑也;不知三軍之任權而欲同三軍之任,則軍事覆疑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不得其人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>三軍旣惑且疑,則諸侯之難至矣,是謂亂軍而引勝;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>引,奪也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故知勝有五:知可以戰與不可以戰者勝;識衆寡之用者勝;上下同欲者勝;以虞待不虞者勝;將能而君不禦者勝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>司馬法曰:進退惟時,無白寡人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>此五者,知勝之道。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>此上五事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故曰:知彼知己,百戰不殆。不知彼而知己,一勝一負;不知彼不知己,每戰必殆。</p>
<p>又曰:凡用兵之法,將受命于君,合軍聚衆,汜地無舍,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>無所依也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>衢地合交,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>結諸候也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>絕地無留,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>無久止也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>圍地無謀,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>發奇兵也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>死地則戰。途有所不由,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>死難之地所不當從也,不得也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>軍有所不擊,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>軍難可擊。以地險難,不留之失前利,若得之,又利薄。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>城有所不攻,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>城小固糧饒,不可攻也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>地有所不爭,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>皆與上同操所以置華費而深入徐州拔十四縣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君命有所不受。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>苟便于事,不苟于君命也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故將通于九變之利者,則知用兵矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>九事之變。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>將不通于九變之利,雖知地形,不能得地之利矣。</p>
<p>又曰:治人不知五變,雖知五利,不能得人之用矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>下五事也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是故智者之慮必雜于利害,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>在利思害,在害思利。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>雜于利而務可信,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>計敵不能依五地爲我害信,務爲可信也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>雜于害而患可解。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幷計于害,雖有患可解也。害中雜利,陷之死地而後生也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>趣之以利。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>令自來也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故用兵之法,無恃其不來,恃吾有以待之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>安不忘危,常備之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>無恃其不攻吾也,恃吾不可攻。故將有五危:必死可殺,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>勇無疑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>必生可虜,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>見利不進將怯弱必生之意,上下猶豫,可急而取。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>忿速可侮,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>忿疾之人可忿怒侮而致也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>廉潔可辱,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>廉潔之人可污辱而致必來戰。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>愛人而煩,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>出必所走,愛人者必倍道兼行救之,則煩勞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡此五者,將之過,用兵之灾。覆軍救將,必以五危,不可不察也。</p>
<p>又曰:吏强卒弱,曰陷。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>吏强欲進,卒弱輒陷,敗也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>大吏怒而不服,遇敵懟而自戰,將不知其能,曰崩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>大吏小將也,大將怒之,不厭服,忿而赴敵,不量輕重,則必崩壞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>將弱不嚴,教道不明,吏卒無常,陳兵縱橫,曰亂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>爲將若此,亂之道也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>將不能料敵,以少合衆,以弱擊强,兵無避鋒,曰北。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>兵勢若此,必走也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡此六者,勝敗之道,將之至任也。</p>
<p>又曰:明主慮之,良將修之。非利不起,非得不用,非危不戰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不得已而用兵<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>主不可以怒而興軍,將不可以慍而合戰,合于利而用,不合于利而止。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不得以喜怒而用兵。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>怒不可復喜,慍不可復悅,亡國不可復存,死者不可復生。故曰:明主慮之,良將警之,此安國之道也。</p>
<p>《吳子》曰:人有三不和;不和于國,不可以出軍;不和于軍,不可以出陣;不和于陣,不可以進戰。</p>
<p>又曰:將之所愼者五,一曰理,二曰備,三曰果,四曰戒,五曰約。戎者,雖克如始戰。</p>
<p>《孔叢子》曰:子思居衛,言荀變于衛君曰:「其才可將五百乘。君任軍旅率得此人,則無敵于天下矣。」衛君曰:「吾知其才可將。變也嘗爲吏,賦于民而食人三鶏子,以故弗用也。」子思曰:「夫聖人官人,猶大匠之用木也,取長弃短,故材連抱而有數尺朽者,良工不弃,以其所妨者細也。卒成不訾之器。今君處戰國之世,選爪牙之士,以三卵焉弃扞城之將!此不可使聞于鄰國也。」衛君再拜曰:「謹受詔矣。」</p>
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