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68 lines
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷二百九十</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt3"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt3">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c291_tai_ping_yu_lan_0289.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0289">兵部二十</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷二百九十.兵部二十一</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c293_tai_ping_yu_lan_0291.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0291">兵部二十二</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n4874" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85599652" title="d:Q85599652" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="liao_di_shang"><span id="id-.E6.96.99.E6.95.B5.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>料敵上</h2>
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<p>《孫子》曰:用兵之道,校之以五計而索其情。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>索其勝負之情。索,搜索之義也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰主孰有道?將孰有能?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>道德智能,主君也。先當校兩國之君主,知能否也。若荀息斷虞公貪而好寶,宮之奇懦,不能强諫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>天地孰得?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>視兩軍所據,知誰得天時地利。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>法令孰行?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>設而不犯,犯而必誅。號出令知誰能施行也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>兵衆孰强?士卒孰練?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>知誰兵器强盛,士卒簡練者,故王子曰:主不素習,當陣惶惑;將不素習,臨陣闍變是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>賞罰孰明?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>賞善罰惡知誰分明者也。賞無度則費而無恩,罰無度則戮而無威。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>吾以此知勝負矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以上七事,料敵情知勝負所在。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>敵知吾卒之可用以擊之,不知敵之不可擊,勝之半也。知敵之可以擊,而不知吾卒之不可以擊,勝之半也。知敵之可以擊,知吾卒之可擊,而不知形之不可以戰,勝之半也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>勝之半者,未可知也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故曰:知兵者動而不迷,舉而不頓。將不能料敵,以少合衆,以弱擊强,兵無選鋒,曰北。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>其勢若此,必走北之兵也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>夫料敵制勝,計極險易,利害遠近,上將之道也。知此而用,戰者必勝;不知此而用,戰者必敗。夫惟無慮而易于敵者,必擒于人也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>已無智慮而外易人者,必爲人擒。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故策之而知得失之計,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>策度敵情,觀其所施,則計數知。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>候之而知動靜之理,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>喜怒動作,察其舉止,則精理可知也。故知動靜權變爲勝。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>形之而知死生之地,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>形相敵情,觀其所得而知之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>角之而知不足有餘之處。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>角,量也。角量彼我軍馬之使,則長短可知。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:兵者詭道,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>兵無常形,以詭詐爲道。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故校之以五計而索其情。一曰度,二曰量,三曰數,四曰稱,五曰勝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>勝敗之數,用兵之法,當此事稱量敵之情也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>地生度,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>因地形度形勢。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>度生量,量生數,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>知其遠近廣狹,知其數量。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>數生稱,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>稱量敵與已。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>稱生勝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>稱量人之故知其勢,勝負所在也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故勝兵若以鎰稱銖,敗兵若以銖稱鎰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>輕不能相舉動也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>勝之戰者,人也;若决水于千仞之溪者,形也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>仞,七尺也。其勢疾也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《左傳》曰:吳子入越,越子以甲盾五千,保于會稽。請行成,伍員曰:「不可。臣聞務德莫如滋,去疾莫如盡。違天而長仇,雖悔之,不可矣。」王不聽。退而告人曰:「二十年之外,吳其爲沼乎?」</p>
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<p>又曰:吳師在陳,楚大夫皆懼。子西曰:「二三子恤不相睦,無患矣。昔闔廬食不貳味,居不重席,勤恤其民,而與之勞逸。今聞夫差次有台榭陂池焉,宿有妃嬙嬪御焉。視民如仇,而用之日新。夫差先自敗也已,安能敗我者也。」</p>
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<p>又曰:楚子伐鄭,晋師救之。楚子北,師次于郔。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>郔,鄭北地。郔音延。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>聞晋師濟河,楚子欲還。伍參言于楚子曰:晋之從政者新,未能行令。其佐先縠剛愎不仁,未肯用命,其三帥者專行不獲,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>欲專其所行而不得。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>聽而無上,衆誰適從?此行也,晋師必敗。」楚改乘轅而北之,次于管以待之,晋師在敖、鄗之間。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>敖,五勞反。鄗,許各反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>晋魏錡求公族未得,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>欲爲公族大夫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>而怒,欲敗晋師。請致師,不許。請使,許之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>使,所吏反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>遂往,請戰而還。趙旃求卿未得,挑戰不許。請召盟,許之。與魏錡皆命而往。卻克曰:「二憾往矣,弗備必敗。」隨會曰:「若二子怒楚,楚人乘我,喪師無日矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>乘,猶登也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>不如備之。楚之無惡,除備而盟,何損于好?若以惡來,有備不敗。且雖諸侯相見,軍衛不徹,警也。」先縠不可。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不設。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>隨會使鞏朔、韓穿帥七覆于敖前,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>帥,將也。覆爲伏兵七處。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故上軍不敗。而中軍下軍皆敗績。</p>
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<p>又曰:吳師伐楚州來,楚救之。吳人禦諸鍾離。楚將子瑕卒,楚師<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>吳楚之間謂火滅爲<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>。軍之重主喪亡,故其軍人無復氣勢也。<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>,子廉反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>吳將公子光曰:「諸侯從于楚者衆,而皆小國也。畏楚而不獲已,是以來。吾聞之,作事威克其愛,雖小必濟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>克,勝也。軍事尚威。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>胡、沈之君幼而狂,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>性無常也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>陳大夫嚙壯而頑,頓與許、蔡疾楚政。大將死,其師<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>越爲帥,帥賤多寵,政令不壹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>越非正聊也,軍多寵人,政令不一于越也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>七國同役而不同心,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>工國:楚、頓、胡、沈、蔡、陳、許也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>帥賤而不能整,無大威命,楚可敗也。先分師以犯胡、沈與陳,必先奔。諸侯之師乃搖心矣。諸侯乖亂,楚必大奔。請先者去備薄威,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>示之以不整以誘之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>後者敦陳整旅。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>敦,厚。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>吳子從之。戰于鶏父。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音甫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>吳子以罪人三千,先犯胡、沈與陳。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>囚徒不習戰,以示不整也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>三國爭之。吳爲三軍以擊之其後:中軍從王,光帥右軍,掩餘帥左軍,吳之罪人或奔或止,三國亂。吳師擊之,敗,獲胡、沈之君及陳大夫。舍胡、沈之囚,使奔許與蔡、頓,曰:「吾君死矣!」師噪而從之,三國奔。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>三國:許、蔡、頓也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>楚師大奔也。</p>
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<p>又曰:晋侯將伐虢,大夫士蒍曰:「不可。虢公驕,若驟得勝于我,必弃其民。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>弃民不養也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>無衆而後伐之,欲禦我誰與?」夫禮樂慈愛,戰所蓄也。夫民讓事樂和,愛親哀喪而後可使也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>上之使民,以義讓哀樂爲本,言不可以力强。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>虢弗蓄也,亟戰將饑。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言虢不蓄義讓而力戰也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>後終爲晋所滅。</p>
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<p>又曰:秦伯伐晋,晋將趙盾禦之。上軍佐臾駢曰:「秦不能久,請深壘固軍以待之。」秦人欲戰,秦伯謂士會曰:「若何而戰?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>晋士會奔秦。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>對曰:「趙氏新出其屬曰臾駢,必實爲此謀,將以老我師也,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>臾駢,趙盾屬大夫,新出佐上軍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>趙有側室曰穿,晋君之婿也,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>側室,枝子。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>有寵而弱,不在軍事,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>弱,年少又未嘗涉知軍之事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>好勇而狂,且惡臾駢之佐上軍也。若使輕者隸焉,其可也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>隸,暫住而追退。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秦軍掩晋上軍,趙穿追之,不及。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>上軍不動,趙穿獨追之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>返,怒曰:「裹糧坐甲,固敵是求,敵至不擊,將何俟?」軍吏曰:「將有待也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>待可擊之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>穿曰:「我不知謀,將獨出。」乃以其屬出。趙盾曰:「秦獲穿也,獲一卿矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>晋自有數位從聊者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秦以勝歸,我何以報?」乃皆出戰,交綏而退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《司馬法》曰:逐奔不遠,從綏不及。逐奔不遠則難誘,從綏不及則難陷。然則古名退軍爲綏,秦晋未能堅戰,短兵未致爭而兩退,故曰交綏也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:晋師伐楚。四月,甲午晦,楚晨壓晋軍而陣。晋大夫郤至曰:「楚有六間。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>古莧切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其二卿相惡;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子重、子反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>王卒以舊;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>罷老不代。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>鄭陣而不整;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不整例。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蠻軍而不陣;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蠻夷從楚者不結陣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>陣不違晦:<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>晦,月終,陰之盡也,故兵家以爲忌。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>在陣而囂,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>囂,嘩喧也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>合而加囂,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陣合宜靖而益其聲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>各顧其後,莫有鬥心。舊不必良,以犯天忌。我必克之。」終敗楚于鄢陵。</p>
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<p>《<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/史記" title="史記">史記</a>》曰:龐涓追孫臏,臏量其行,暮當至馬陵。道狹而旁多阻險,可伏兵,乃大斫樹白而書之曰:「龐涓死此下。」于是令齊軍善射者萬弩,夾道而伏,期曰:「見火起而俱發。」龐涓夜至斫樹下,見白書,乃鑽火燭之。讀書未畢,齊軍萬弩俱發,魏軍大亂。龐涓自知智窮兵敗,乃自刎,曰:「遂成竪子之名!」</p>
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<p>又曰:漢王在漢中拜韓信爲大將,信因問王曰:「今東向爭權天下,豈非項王耶?」漢王曰:「然。」曰:「大王自料勇悍仁强,孰與項王?」漢王默然良久,曰:「不如也。」信再拜賀曰:「惟信亦以爲大王不如也。然臣嘗事之,請言項王之爲人也。項王喑惡叱咤,千人皆廢,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>暗,音陰。惡,烏路切。叱,尺粟切。咤,陟訝切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>然不能任屬賢將,此特匹夫之勇耳。項王見人恭敬慈愛,語言<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>句々,人有疾病,涕泣分食飲。至使人有功當封爵者,刻印刓<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>刓,五元切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>敝,忍不能與,此所謂婦人之仁也。項王雖霸天下而臣諸侯,不居關中而都彭城,背義帝之約,而以親愛王,諸侯不平。諸侯之見項王遷逐義帝置江南,亦皆歸逐其主而自王善地。項王所過,無不殘滅者,天下多怨,百姓不親附,特劫于威强耳。名雖爲霸,實失天下心。故曰其强易弱。今大王誠能反其道,任天下武勇,何所不誅!以天下城邑封功臣,何所不服!以義兵從思東歸之士,何所不克!且三秦王爲秦將,將秦子弟數歲矣,所殺亡不可勝計,又欺其衆降諸侯,至新安,項王詐坑秦降卒二十餘萬,惟獨邯、欣、翳得脫,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>章邯、司馬欣、董翳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秦父兄怨此三人,痛入骨髓。今楚强以威王此三人,秦民莫愛也。大王之入武關,秋毫無所害,除秦苛法,與秦民約,法三章耳,秦民無不欲得大王王秦者。于諸侯之約,大王當王關中,關中人咸知之。大王失職入漢中,秦人無不恨者。今大王舉而東,三秦可傳檄而定也。」于是漢王大喜,自以爲得信晚。遂聽信計,定秦滅項。</p>
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<p>又曰:項籍圍漢王于滎陽城。久之,漢王患之,請割滎陽以西以和,項王不聽。漢王謂陳平曰:「天下紛紛,何時定乎?」陳平曰:「然。項王爲人,恭敬愛人,士之廉節好禮者多歸之。至于行賞功爵邑,重之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言愛惜之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>士亦以此不附。今大王慢而少禮,士廉節者不來;然大王能饒人以爵邑,士之頑鈍嗜利無耻者亦多歸。漢王誠各去其兩短,襲其兩長,天下指麾可定矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰:漢王與項籍約中分天下,漢王欲西歸,張良、陳平說曰:「漢有天下大半而諸侯皆附之,楚兵疲食盡,此天亡之時也。不因其饑而遂取之,今釋不取,所謂養虎自遺患也。」從之,終滅羽。</p>
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<p>《<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰:陳王拜項梁爲楚上柱國,梁自號武信君。乃使宋義于齊,道遇齊使者高陵君顯,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>張晏曰:顯,名。高陵,縣名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰:「公將見武信君乎?」曰:「然。」義曰:「臣論武信君軍必敗。公徐行則免,疾行及禍。」章邯夜銜枚擊楚,大破之定陶,梁死。宋義所遇齊使者高陵君顯見楚懷王曰:「宋義論武信君必敗,數日果破。未戰先見敗征,此可謂知兵矣。」召宋義與計事而悅之,因以爲上將。</p>
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<p>又曰:西域都護爲烏孫兵所圍,上召陳湯問之。湯知:「烏孫瓦合,不能久攻。詘指計其日,不出五日,當有吉語聞。」果四日,軍書到言已解。</p>
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<p>又曰:黥布反。帝召薛公問,對曰:「使布出于上計,東取吳,西取楚,幷齊取魯,傳檄燕、趙,固守其所,山東非漢之有也。出中計,東取吳,西取楚,幷韓取魏,據敖倉之粟,塞成皋之口,勝敗之數未可知也。出下計,東取吳,西取下蔡,歸重于越,身歸長沙,陛下高枕而臥,漢無事矣。」上曰:「是計將安出?」對曰:「必出下計。布故酈山之徒也,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>酈,音離。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>自致萬乘之主,此皆爲身,不顧後爲百姓萬代慮也。故曰出下計。」上自將,東擊布。布之初反,謂其將曰:「上老矣,厭兵,必不能來。使諸將,獨患淮陰、彭越,今皆已死,餘不足畏也。」故遂反。果如薛公籌之,東擊荊,荊王劉賈敗死。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>時賈都丹徒也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>漢終破布。</p>
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<p>《通典》曰:後漢末,曹公擊馬超。始賊每一部到,公輒有喜色。賊破之後,諸將問故,公答曰:「關中長遠,若賊各依險阻,征之,不一二年不可定也。今皆來集,其衆雖多,莫相歸服,軍無適主,一舉可滅,爲功差易,吾是以喜。」</p>
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<p>又曰:後漢末,青州黃巾衆百餘萬人起兗州界,刺史劉岱欲擊之。鮑信諫曰:「今賊衆百萬,百姓皆震恐,士卒無鬥志,不可敵也。觀賊衆群輩相隨,軍無輜重,惟以抄掠爲資。今不若蓄士衆之力,先爲固守,使彼欲戰不得,攻則不能,其勢必離散,然後選精銳據其要害,擊之可破也。」岱不從,遂與戰,果爲所殺。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>劉岱違之而敗。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:後漢末,荀攸從曹公征張綉,攸言曰:「綉與劉表相持爲强,然綉以游軍仰食,表不能供也。勢必離。不如緩軍以待之,可誘而致也。」不從,表果救之,軍不利。曹公謂攸曰:「不用君言至是。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>曹公違之而敗。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:後漢末,張遼屯長社,軍中有謀反者,夜驚起亂火,一軍盡擾。遼謂左右:「勿動!是不一營盡反,必有造變者,欲以動亂人耳。」乃令軍中不反者安陣,遼將親兵數十人中陣而立。有頃定,即得首謀者,殺之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>張遼審計立擒賊首,亦同料敵之義。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:後漢末,曹公征荊州,劉琮降,得其水軍及步軍,遂遺書孫權云:「今將水軍十八萬與將軍會獵于長州之苑。」將士聞之恐。權延見群下,問計,咸曰:「曹操托名漢相,挾天子以征四方,動以朝廷爲辭,今日拒之,事更不順。且將軍大勢可以拒操者,長江也。劉表理水軍,艨艟鬥艦千數,操悉俘以沿江,兼有步兵,水陸俱下,此則長江之險與我共之矣。而勢力衆寡。愚謂大計不如迎之。」權將周瑜曰:「操雖托名漢相,其實漢賊。將軍神武雄才,兼仗父兄遺烈,據有江東,地方千里,兵精足用,英豪樂業,尚當橫行天下,爲漢家除殘去穢。况操自送死,豈可迎之耶?請爲將軍籌之。使北土已安,操無內憂,能曠日持久,來爭疆埸,又能與我校勝負于船楫,可也。今北土旣未安,而加以馬超、韓遂在關西,爲操後患。且舍鞍馬,仗舟楫,與吳越爭衡,本非中國所長。又今盛寒,馬無蒿草,驅中國士衆遠涉江湖,不曾習水土,必生疾病。此數四者,用兵之患也,而操皆冒行之。瑜得請精兵三萬人,徑進夏口,保爲將軍破之。」權曰:「老賊欲廢漢自立久矣,但忌二袁、呂布、劉表與孤耳。今諸英雄已滅,惟孤尚存,孤與老賊勢不兩立。君言當擊,甚與孤合。」權拔刀斫前奏案曰:「諸將吏敢復言迎曹操者,與此案同!」果有赤壁之捷焉。</p>
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<p>又曰:蜀大將諸葛亮悉衆十萬由斜穀出,始平,據武功五丈原。魏大將司馬宣王帥師拒之,與亮對于渭南。亮分兵屯田,爲久駐之本。耕者雜于渭濱,而百姓安堵,軍無私焉。屢使交書,復致巾幗婦人之飾以怒宣王,王亦屢表請戰。魏使衛尉辛毗仗節勒懿及軍吏以下不許出戰。薑維謂亮曰:彼無戰心。所以固請者,亦惑於衆耳。將在軍,君命有所不受,苟能制吾,豈千里請戰耶!」宣王使二千餘人就軍營東西角大聲稱「萬歲」。亮使問之,答曰:「吳朝有使至,請降。」亮謂曰:「計吳朝必無降法,卿是六十老翁,何煩詭誑如此?」懿與亮相持百餘日,亮卒于軍中。及軍退,懿追焉。亮長史楊儀結陣反旗鳴鼓,若將向懿者,懿遽退,不敢逼,經二日,乃行其營壘,曰:「天下奇才也。」懿乃追之,儀多布鐵蒺藜。懿使軍士二千人,著軟材平底木履前行,蒺藜悉著履。次馬步徑進,追至赤岸,方知審問,百姓爲之諺曰:「死諸葛走生仲達。」懿笑曰:「吾便料生,不便料死故也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>孔明料吳下降明矣。司馬不料亮死暗也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《吳志》曰:魏使大司馬曹仁步騎數萬向濡須,僞欲東攻羨溪。朱桓分兵赴羨溪,仁軍進拒濡須。桓聞追羨溪,兵未到而仁奄至。諸將各懼,桓喻之曰:「凡兩軍交對,勝負在將,不在衆寡。兵法所以稱客倍而主人半者,謂俱在平原,無城池之守,又謂士衆勇怯齊等故耳。今任旣非智勇,又久涉,人馬罷困,桓與諸君共據高城,南臨大江,北陪山陵,以逸待勞,以主制客,此百戰百勝之勢。雖曹丕自來,尚不足憂,况仁等耶!」桓因偃旗鼓,外示虛弱,以誘仁,仁果遣其子太攻濡須,分遣將軍常雕、王雙等乘油船襲中州。桓自拒太,太燒營退,梟雕首,生虜雙,送武昌;臨陣及溺死者千餘人。</p>
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<p>《十六國春秋》曰:前趙劉曜敗石勒將石季龍于高候,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>今絳州聞喜縣界也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>遂圍洛陽。勒將親救,程遐等固諫曰:「劉曜乘勝,兵盛,難與爭鋒,金墉糧豐,攻之未可卒拔。曜軍千里,勢不可支久。不可親動,動無萬全,大業去矣。」勒大怒,按劍叱遐等出。召徐光而謂之曰:「劉曜乘高堆之勢,圍守洛陽,庸人之情皆謂其鋒不可當也。然曜帶甲十萬,攻一城而百日不克,師老卒殆,以我初銳擊之,可一戰而擒。若洛陽不守,曜必送死冀州,自河以北,席捲北向,吾事去矣。程遐等不欲吾親行,卿以爲何如?」光對曰:「劉曜乘高堆之勢,不能進臨襄國,更攻金墉,此其無能爲也。懸軍三時,無攻戰之利,若鸞旗親駕,必睹旌奔敗。定天下之計,在今一舉。」勒笑曰:「光之言是也。」使內外戒嚴,有諫者斬。命石堪、石聰、挑豹等各統見衆會滎陽,使石季龍進據石門,以左衛石邃都督中軍事,勒統步騎四萬赴金墉。勒謂徐光:「曜盛兵城皋間,上計也;阻洛水,其次也;坐守洛陽者成擒也。」勒諸軍至城皋。勒見曜無守軍,大悅,乃卷甲銜枚詭道兼路,出于鞏、訾之間。知曜陳其軍十餘萬人于城西,彌悅。勒入自宣門,升故太極前殿。季龍步卒三萬,自城北而西,攻其軍,石堪、石聰等各以精兵騎八千,城西而北,擊其前鋒,大戰于西陽門。勒躬貫甲胄,出自閶闔,夾擊之。曜軍大潰,于陣擒曜,以徇于軍也。</p>
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