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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷二百九十四.兵部二十五</td>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n4888" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85599730" title="d:Q85599730" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="shi_ruo"><span id="id-.E7.A4.BA.E5.BC.B1" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>示弱</h2>
<p>《孫子》曰:兵者,詭道也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>無常形以詭詐爲道,若息侯誘蔡楚子謀宋也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故能而示之不能,用而示之不用;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言已實能,用師外示之怯也。若孫臏示弱而制龐涓。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>近而示之遠,遠而示之近。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>欲進而理去道也,言多疑設其近,誑曜敵軍示之以遠,本從其近,若韓信之襲安邑,陳舟臨晋而渡夏陽。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:古人善用兵者,能使敵人前後不相及,衆寡不相待,貴賤不相求,上下不相扶,卒離而不集,兵合而不齊。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>多設詐變,出東見西,攻南引北,敵之使彼張惶離亂而不集聚也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>合於利而動,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>暴之使離,亂之使不齊,動兵而戰之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不合於利而止。</p>
<p>《左傳》曰:蔡聲子謂楚令尹屈建曰:「若敖之亂,伯賁之子苗賁皇奔晋,以爲謀主。及鄢陵之役,楚晨壓晋軍而陣。苗賁皇曰:」楚師之良,在中軍王族而已。若塞井夷灶,成陣以當之,欒、范易行以誘之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>欒書時將中軍,範燮佐之。易行謂簡兵備,欲令楚貪已而不復顧二穆之兵。易,以鼓反。行,胡郎反。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>中行、二卻必克二穆。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>卻錡時將上軍,中行偃佐之。卻至佐新軍,令此三人分二以攻二穆之兵。楚子重、子辛皆出穆王,故曰二穆。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>吾乃四萃於王族,必大敗之。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>四萃,四面集之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>晋人從之,楚師大敗,王夷師<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夷,傷也。吳楚之間謂滅爲<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>,子廉切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>子反死之。鄭叛吳興,則苗賁皇之爲也。</p>
<p>《戰國策》曰:趙將李牧,常居代雁門,備匈奴。以便宜置吏,市租皆輸入於幕府,爲士卒費。日擊數牛饗士,習騎射,謹烽火,多間諜,厚遇戰士。爲約曰:「匈奴即入盜,急入收保,有敢捕虜者斬。」匈奴每入,烽火謹,趣入收保,不敢戰。如是數歲,亦不亡失。然匈奴謂牧爲怯。趙王讓牧,牧如故。王怒,使人代將。歲餘,匈奴每來,出戰,數不利。復遣牧,牧至,如故約。匈奴數來無所得,終以爲怯。邊士日得賞賜而不用,皆願一戰。於是乃具選車,得千三百乘,選騎得萬三千匹,百金之士五萬人,彀弓弩者十萬人,悉勒習戰。大縱畜牧,人衆滿野。匈奴小入,佯北不勝,以數千人委之。單于聞之,大喜,率衆來入。牧多爲奇陣,張左右翼擊,大破之,煞匈奴十餘萬騎。單于奔走,十餘歲不敢近邊也。</p>
<p>又曰:韓魏相攻,齊將田忌率兵伐魏,魏將龐涓聞之,去韓而歸。孫臏謂田忌曰:「彼三晋之兵,素悍勇而輕齊,齊號爲怯。善戰者因其勢而利導之,兵法:百里而趨利者蹶上將,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>蹶,猶挫也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>五十里走者半至。使齊軍入魏地爲十萬灶,明日爲五萬灶,又明日爲二萬灶。」龐涓行三日,大喜,曰:「我故知齊卒怯,入吾地三日,士卒亡者過半矣。」乃弃其步兵,與其輕銳倍日幷行逐之。孫子度其行,暮當至馬陵。馬陵道狹,而旁多阻隘,可伏兵,乃斫大樹白而書之曰:「龐涓死於此樹下。」於是令萬弩夾道而伏,期日:「暮見火舉而俱發。」龐涓夜至斫木下,見白書,乃鑽火燭之。讀書未畢,齊軍萬弩俱發,軍大亂。龐涓乃自刎,曰:「遂成竪子之名!」</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰:韓王信反,帝帝自往擊。至晋陽,聞信與匈奴欲擊漢,帝使人使匈奴。匈奴匿其壯士、肥牛馬,徒見其老弱及羸畜。使者十輩來,皆言匈奴易擊。帝使劉敬復往使匈奴,還報曰:「兩國相擊,此宜誇矜見所長。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>見,示也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>今臣往,徒見羸胔老弱,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>胔,音漬,一說讀曰瘠。瘠,瘦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>此欲見短伏奇兵以爭利,愚以爲匈奴不可擊也。」是時漢兵已逾句注,三十餘萬衆兵已業行。帝怒,以爲敬妄言阻吾軍,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>阻,謂止壞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>械系敬。廣武遂往至平城,匈奴果出奇兵圍高帝於白登,七日然後得解。</p>
<p>《先賢行狀》曰:孫策遣攻陳登於匡琦城。賊初到,旌甲覆水郡下,衆寡不敵。登乃閉門自守,示弱不戰,將士銜聲,寂若無人。登乘城觀形勢,知其可擊。乃申命士衆,宿整兵器,昧爽,開門引軍指賊營,步騎抄其後。賊周章方結陣,不得還船。登縱兵乘之,賊遂大敗。</p>
<p>《晋書》曰:李矩守滎陽城,前趙劉聰將劉暢步騎三萬討矩,屯於韓王故壘,相去七里,遣使招矩。時暢卒至,矩未暇爲備,遣使奉牛酒詐降於暢,潜匿精勇,見其老弱。暢不以爲虞,大饗渠帥,人皆醉飽。矩謀夜襲之,暢僅以身免。</p>
<p>又《慕容寶載記》曰:魏伐幷州,驃騎李農逆戰,敗績。寶引群臣於東堂議之,尚書封懿曰:「今魏師十萬,天下之勁敵也,示之以弱,岨關拒戰,計之上也。」</p>
<p>《陳書》曰:武帝東討杜龕,侯安都軍守,北齊軍入據石頭,游騎至於闕下。安都閉門偃旗幟,示之以弱。且令城中曰:「有登陴看賊者斬。」及夕,賊收軍還石頭。安都夜令士卒密營禦敵之具。明辰,賊又至,安都率甲士三百人開東西掖門與戰,大敗之。賊乃退還石頭,不敢復逼台城。</p>
<p>《後周書》曰:隋文帝作相之初,尉遲迥拒命,遣將崔仲文率兵定關東,軍次蓼堤。迥將檀讓擁衆數萬,仲文以羸師戰,讓悉衆來拒,仲文僞北,讓軍頗驕。於是遣精兵左右翼擊之,大敗讓軍,進攻梁郡,迥守將劉子寬弃城遁走。</p>
<p>《隋書》曰:煬帝大業中,彭城賊張大彪、宋世模等衆至數萬,作保懸薄山,寇掠徐、兗。隋將董純討之。純初閉營不與戰,賊屢挑之不出,賊以純爲怯,不設備,縱兵大掠。純選精銳擊賊,合戰於昌慮,大破之,斬首萬餘級,築爲京觀。</p>
<p>又曰:隋末山賊孟讓,衆號十萬,屯盱眙。煬帝遣王充保都梁山以拒之,久不與戰。乃宣言士卒亡叛,使賊中聞之。讓果大笑曰:「王充文法吏,何能爲將!吾當生縛之。」於是進攻其栅。充與戰,佯不勝,讓益輕之,乃分兵虜掠。充知其可擊,令軍中移灶撤幕設方陣,四面而出戰,大破之,虜男女十萬餘口,讓僅以身免。</p>
<p>《六韜》曰:武王問太公曰:「敵人先至,已據便地,形勢又强,則如之何?」對曰:「當示以怯弱,設伏佯走,自投死地。敵見之必疾而赴,擾亂失次,必離固所,入我伏兵,伏兵齊起,急擊前後,沖其兩旁。」</p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="2"><h2 id="shi_qiang"><span id="id-.E7.A4.BA.E5.BC.BA" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>示强</h2>
<p>《左傳》曰:楚將子元以車六百乘伐鄭,師入桔祑之門。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>桔祑,鄭遠郊之門也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>又入自純門及逵市。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>純門,鄭外郭門也。逵市,郭內道上市也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>懸門不發,楚言而出。子元曰:「鄭有人焉。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>懸門施於內城門,鄭示楚以間城,故不閉城門,出兵而效楚言,故子元畏,不敢進也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>諸侯救鄭,楚師夜遁。鄭人將奔桐丘,諜言曰:「楚幕<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>楚國。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>有烏。」乃止。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幕,帳也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:楚大饑,戎伐其西南。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>戎,山夷也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>庸人帥群蠻以叛楚。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>庸,楚屬之小國。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>麋人率百濮,將伐楚,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>百濮,夷也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>於是申、息之北門不啓。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>備中國也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>楚人謀徙於阪高。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>楚險地也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>蒍賈曰:「不可。我能往,寇亦能往。不如伐庸。夫麋與百濮,謂我饑不能師,故伐我。我若出師,必懼而歸。百濮離居,將各走其邑,誰暇謀人?」乃出師。旬有五日,百濮乃罷。自廬以往,振廩同食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>往,往伐庸也。振,發也。廩,倉也。同食,上下無异饌也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:晋文公率諸候伐楚,楚將子玉從晋師。晋退三舍,楚師不止。又次於城濮。楚師背崔而舍,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>酅,丘陵險阻名也。酅,音携。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>文公患之,聽輿人之誦,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>恐衆畏險,故聽其歌誦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>曰:「原田莓莓,舍其舊而新是謀。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>高平曰:原喻晋軍美盛若原田草也,莓然可以謀立新功,不足念舊惠也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>晋大夫狐偃曰:「戰也。戰而捷,必得諸侯。若其不捷,表裏山河,必無害也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>晋國外河而內山也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>晋車七百乘韅靷鞅靽。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>五萬二千五百人也。在背曰靼,在胸曰靷,在腹曰鞅,在後日靽。言駕乘修備,靽,呼見切。靷,與進切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>晋侯登有莘之墟以觀師,曰:「少長有禮,其可用也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>有莘,故國名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>遂伐其木,以益其兵。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>伐木以益攻戰之具,蓋亦示强也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>終敗楚師。</p>
<p>又曰:晋侯伐齊,齊侯登巫山以觀。晋人使司馬斥山澤之險,雖所不至,必旆而疏陣之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>斥,候也。疏建旌旗以爲陣示衆也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使乘車者左實右僞,以旆先,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>僞以衣物爲人形也。建旌以先驅。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>輿曳柴而從之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以揚塵。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>齊侯見之,畏其衆也,乃脫歸。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>脫,不張旌幟也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:蔡聲子聘楚,謂令尹屈建曰:「子儀之亂,析公奔晋,以爲謀主。繞角之役,析公曰:「楚師輕佻,易震蕩也。」若多鼓鈞聲,以夜軍之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>均,同其聲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>楚師必遁。」晋人從之,楚師宵潰。晋遂侵蔡,襲沈,獲其君。敗申、息之師於桑隧,獲申麗而還。鄭於是不敢南面。楚失諸華,則析公之爲也。</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰:景帝時,匈奴大入上郡,天子使中貴人從李廣,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中官之幸貴也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>勒習兵擊匈奴。貴人將數十騎出獵,見匈奴三人,與戰。被射傷中貴人,殺其騎且盡。中貴人走廣,廣曰:「是必匈奴射雕者也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>雕善飛,故使善射者射之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>廣乃遂從百騎往馳三人,令騎左右翼,而廣身射彼三者,殺其二人,生得一人,果射雕者也。遙見匈奴有數千騎,見廣,以爲誘騎,驚上山陣。廣之百騎皆大恐,還馳走。廣曰:「吾去大軍數十里,今若走,匈奴追射,我立盡。今我留,匈奴必以我爲大軍誘之,必不敢擊我。」廣令諸騎曰:「前!」到匈奴陣二里所,止,令曰:「皆下馬解鞍!」其騎曰:「虜多且近,即急,奈何?」廣曰:「彼虜以我爲走,今皆解鞍以示不走,用堅其意。」胡騎遂不敢擊。有白馬將出,護其兵。於是廣上馬,與十餘騎奔射殺之,而復還至其百騎中,解鞍,令士皆縱馬臥。是時會幕,胡兵終怪之,卒不敢擊。向半夜時,胡兵以爲漢有伏軍於旁,欲夜取之,皆引兵去。詰朝,廣乃歸其軍。</p>
<p>《後漢書》曰:廉范爲雲中太守,會匈奴大入塞,範自率士卒拒之。虜衆盛,不敵。會日暮,令軍士各交縛兩炬,三頭燃火。虜遙見火多,謂漢兵救至,大驚,待朝,將退,範乃令軍中蓐食,晨往擊之,斬首數百級。虜自此不敢復向雲中。</p>
<p>又曰:虞詡爲武郡太守,以討叛羌。羌乃率衆數千,遮詡於陳倉、崤穀,詡即停車不進,而宣言上書請兵,須到當發羌。聞之,乃分抄旁縣,詡因其兵散,日夜進道,兼行百餘里。令吏士各作兩灶。或曰:「孫臏减灶而君增之,兵法日行不過三十里,以戒不虞,而今日且二百里,何也?」詡曰:「虜多衆,吾兵少,徐行則易爲所及,速進則彼所不測。虜見吾灶日增,必謂郡兵來迎。衆多行速,必憚追我。孫臏見弱,吾今示强,勢有不同故也。」旣到郡,兵不滿三千,而羌衆萬餘,攻圍赤亭數十日。詡乃令軍中,使强弩勿發,先用小弩。羌以爲矢力弱,不能至,幷兵急攻。詡於是使二十强弩共射一人,發無不中,羌大震,退。詡因出城奮擊,多所傷殺。明日悉陳其衆,令從東郭門出,北郭門入,換易衣服,回轉數周。羌不知其數,更相恐動。詡計賊當退,乃潜遣五百餘人於淺水設伏,候其走路。虜果奔,因掩擊;大破之。</p>
<p>《通典》曰:後漢末陳登爲廣陵守,孫策遣軍攻登於匡琦城,登使人求救於曹公。而密去城十里理軍營處所,令多取柴薪,兩束一聚,相去十步,從橫成行,令俱起火,火燃其聚。城上稱慶,若大軍到。賊睹火驚潰,登勒兵追奔,斬首萬級也。</p>
<p>又曰:蜀大將諸葛亮,屯於陽平,幷兵東下。亮惟留萬人守城。魏將司馬宣王率二十萬衆拒亮,當亮六十里所,偵候白宣王說亮在城中兵少力弱,將士失色。亮是時意氣自若,敕軍皆臥旗息鼓,不得輒出卷幔,開四門,掃地却灑。宣王疑是甚有伏,於是引軍北趣山。亮謂參佐曰:「司馬懿謂吾有强伏,循山走矣。」候邏還白亮所言。宣王後知,深以爲恨。</p>
<p>又曰:西晋將杜元凱伐吳,陳兵於江陵,遣牙門管定、周旨、伍巢等率奇兵八百泛舟夜度,以襲樂鄉,多張旗幟,起火巴山,出於要害之地,以奪賊心。吳都督孫歆震恐,與吳將伍延書曰:「北來諸軍乃飛渡江也。」皆破之。</p>
<p>又曰:東晋末,宋武帝爲將,討海賊孫恩。恩在扈瀆,海鹽令鮑陋遣子嗣之以吳兵一千,請爲前驅。宋武曰:「賊兵甚精,吳人不習戰,若前驅失利,必敗我軍。可在後爲聲援。」不從。是夜,宋武多設伏兵,兼置旗鼓,然一處不過數人。明日,賊率衆乃萬餘迎戰。前驅旣交,諸伏皆舉旗鳴鼓。賊謂四面有軍,乃引退。嗣之追奔,爲賊所沒。宋武且戰且退,賊旣盛,所領死傷且盡。宋武慮不免,至向伏兵處,乃止,令左右脫取死人衣。賊謂當走反停,疑猶有伏。宋武因呼更戰,氣色甚猛,賊以爲然,乃引軍去。宋武徐歸,然後散兵稍集。</p>
<p>又曰:東晋末,桓玄篡晋,宋武帝起義兵討玄,使將桓謙、何湛之屯覆舟山。武帝使羸弱登蔣山,多張旗幟。玄不之測,大懼。武帝與劉毅等分爲數隊進突,謙陣皆殊死戰。無不一當百。東北風急,義軍放火,烟塵漲天,鼓噪之音震駭京邑。謙等諸軍,一時奔散。</p>
<p>又曰:蕭齊將馮道根守阜陵城戍。初到阜陵,理城隍,遠斥堠,有如敵將至者,衆頗笑之。道根曰:「怯防勇戰,此之謂也。」理城未畢,會魏將党法宗、傅竪眼率衆二萬,奄至城下,道根塹壘未固,城中衆少,失色。道根命廣開門,緩服登城,選精銳二百人,出與魏軍戰,敗之。魏人見意閑,且戰又不利,因退走。</p>
<p>又曰:後魏將宇文測行綏州事,每歲河冰合後,突厥即來寇。先是,常遣居人入城堡以避之,測至,皆令安堵如舊。乃於要路數百處,幷多積柴,仍遠遣斥候,知其動靜。是年十二月,突厥從連穀入寇,去界數十里,測命積柴之處一時縱火。突厥謂有大軍至,懼而遁走,自相蹂踐,委弃雜畜及輜重不可勝數。測徐率所部收之,分給百姓。自是突厥不敢復至。</p>
<p>又曰:梁雍州刺史岳陽王蕭詧,雖稱藩附於西魏,而尚有貳心。西魏將楊忠自樊城觀兵於漢濱,易旗遞進。實騎二千,詧登樓睹之。以爲三萬也,懼而伏焉。</p>
<p>崔鴻《十六國春秋》曰:後趙石勒荊州監軍郭敬寇晋襄陽,勒馳令敬退守樊城。戒之使偃藏旗幟,寂若無人,彼若使人觀察,則告之曰:「自愛,堅守,後七八日大騎將至,相禁不復得走矣。」敬使人浴馬於津,周而復始,晝夜不絕。偵諜還告晋南中郎將周撫,撫以爲勒軍大至,懼而奔於武昌。敬遂入襄陽焉。</p>
<p>又曰:前凉張重華以謝艾爲軍師將軍,率騎三萬,進軍臨河。後趙石勒將麻秋以三萬衆拒之。艾乘軺車,冠白慆,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>慆,苦洽切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>鳴鼓而行。秋遙睹而怒曰:「艾年少書生,冠服如此,輕我也。」令黑槊龍騰三千人馳擊之,艾左右大擾,或勸乘馬,艾不從,乃下車,踞胡床指麾分處。賊以爲伏兵發也,懼不敢進。艾又遣將緣河截其後,秋軍乃退。艾乘擊,遂大敗之,斬秋將杜勛,及虜俘斬首三千級。秋匹馬奔大厦。</p>
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