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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="xu_li_shang"><span id="id-.E5.8F.99.E7.A6.AE.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>叙禮上</h2>
<p>《尚書·舜典》曰:諮!四岳,有能典朕三禮?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>三禮,天神、地祗、人鬼之禮也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《毛詩·國風》曰:《相鼠》,刺無禮也。衛文公能正其群臣,而刺在位承先君之化無禮儀也。相鼠有皮,人而無儀。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>相視無禮儀者,雖居尊位,猶爲暗昧之行。箋云︰儀,威儀也。視鼠有皮,雖處高顯之處,偷食苟得,不知廉耻,亦與人無威儀者同。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>人而無儀,不死何爲?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>箋云︰人以有威儀爲貴,今反無之,傷化敗俗,不知其死無所害也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>相鼠有齒,人而無止。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>止,所止息。箋云︰止,容止。《孝經》云︰「容止可觀。」<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>人而無止,不死何俟?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>俟,待也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>相鼠有體,人而無禮。人而無禮,胡不遄死?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>遄,速也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《毛詩·秦風》曰:《蒹葭》,刺襄公也。未能用周禮,將無以固其國焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>秦處周之舊土,其人披周之德教日久矣。今襄公親爲諸侯,未習周之禮法,故國人未服焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>蒹葭蒼蒼,白露爲霜。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>興也。蒹葭,蘆也。蒼蒼,盛也。白露疑戾爲霜,然後歲事成,國家待禮然後興。箋云︰蒹葭在衆草之中蒼蒼然疆,至白露凝戾爲霜則成而黃。興者喻衆民之不從襄公政令者,得周禮以教之則服。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>所謂伊人,在水一方。</p>
<p>《周禮·天官》曰:太宰之職,掌建邦之六典。三曰禮典,以和邦國,以統百官,以諧萬民。</p>
<p>《周禮·地官·司徒》曰:司徒之職,掌施十有二教焉。一曰以祀禮教敬,則民不苟;二曰以陽禮教讓,則民不爭;三曰以陰禮教親,則民不怨;四曰以禮樂教和,則民不乖;五曰以儀辨等,則民不越;六曰以俗教安,則民不愉;七曰以刑教中,則民不暴;八曰以誓教恤,則民不怠;九曰以度教節,則民知足;十曰以世事教能,則民不失職;十有一曰以賢制爵,則民慎德;十有二曰以庸制祿,則民興功。</p>
<p>《周禮·地官》曰:大司徒以五禮防萬民之僞,而教之中。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>禮所以節止民之侈僞,使其行得中。鄭司農云︰五禮謂吉凶賓軍嘉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周禮·春官·宗伯》曰:以嘉禮親萬民,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>嘉,善也。所以固人心所善者,而爲之制嘉禮之別有云。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以飲食之禮親宗族兄弟,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>親者,使之相親。人君有食宗族飲酒之禮,所以親之也。《文王世子》曰:族食世降一等。《大傳》曰:系之以姓而弗別,綴之以食而弗殊,百世而婚姻不通者,周道然也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以昏冠之禮親成男女,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>親其思,成其性。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以賓射之禮親故舊朋友,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《射禮》:雖王亦立賓主也。王者故舊朋友,爲世子時共在學者。天子時有友諸侯之義。武王誓曰:「我有邦冢君」是也。司寇職有議故之辟,議賓之辟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以饗燕之禮親四方之賓客,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>賓客謂朝聘者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>番之禮親兄弟之國,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>番,社稷宗廟之肉,以賜同姓之國,同福祿也。兄弟有共先王者,魯定公十四年天王使石來歸<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以賀慶之禮親异姓之國。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>异姓,王婚姻甥舅。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《禮記·曲禮》曰:夫禮者,所以定親疏、决嫌疑、別同异、明是非也。道德仁義,非禮不成;教訓正俗,非禮不備;分爭辨訟,非禮不决;君臣上下,父子兄弟,非禮不定;宦學事師,非禮不親;班朝治軍,莅官行法,非禮威嚴不行;禱祠祭祀,供給鬼神,非禮不誠不莊。是以君子恭敬、樽節、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>樽猶趨也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>退讓以明禮。</p>
<p>《曲禮》曰:人有禮則安,無禮則危。故曰禮者不可不學也。夫禮者,自卑而尊,人雖負販者,必有尊也,而况富貴乎?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>負販者尤輕佻,志利宜,若無禮然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>富貴而知好禮,則不驕不淫;貧賤而知好禮,則志不懾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>懾猶怯惑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《曲禮下》曰:君子行禮,不求變俗。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>求猶務也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:孔子曰:「夫禮,先王以承天之道,以治人之情。故失之者死,得之者生。」《詩》曰:「相鼠有體,人而無禮。人而無禮,胡不遄死?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>相,視也。遄,疾。言鼠之有身體如人而無禮者矣。人之無禮可憎賤如鼠,不如疾死之愈。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是故,夫禮必本于天,殽于地,列于鬼神,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>聖人則大之明,因地之利,取法度于鬼神,以制禮下教令也。旣又禮之,盡其敬也,教民嚴上也。鬼者,精魂所歸;神者,引物而出,謂祖廟山川五祀之屬也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>達于喪祭、射禦、冠昏、朝聘。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>民知嚴上,則此禮達于下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故聖人以禮示之,故天下國家可得而正也。</p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:禮者,君之大柄也。所以別嫌明微、儐鬼神、考制度、別仁義,所以治政安君也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>疾今失禮如此,爲言禮之大義也。柄所操以治事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:是故,夫禮必本于太一,分而爲天地,轉而爲陰陽,變而爲四時,列而爲鬼神。</p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:故聖人之所以治人七情,修十義,講信修睦,尚辭讓,去爭奪,舍禮何以治之?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>惟禮可耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>飲食男女,人之大欲存焉。死亡貧苦,人之大惡存焉。故欲惡者,心之大端也。人藏其心,不可測度也。美惡皆在其心,不見其色也。欲一以窮之,舍禮何以哉?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言人情之難知,明禮之重。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:故禮行于郊,而百神受職焉;禮行于社,而百貨可極焉;禮行于祖廟,而孝慈服焉;禮行于五祀,而正法則焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言信得其禮,則神物與人皆應之。百神,列宿也。百貨,金玉之屬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《禮運》曰:故禮義也者,人之大端也。所以講信修睦,而固人之肌膚之會,箸骸之束也。所以養生送死,事鬼神之大端也。所以達天道、順人情之大竇也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>竇,孔穴也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故惟聖人爲知禮之不可以已也;故壞國喪家亡人必先去其禮;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言愚者之反聖人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故禮之于人也,猶酒之有ろ也。君子以厚,小人以薄。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>皆得以爲美味,性善者醇耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《禮器》曰:禮器,是故大備。大備,盛德也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>禮器,言禮使人成器如耒耜之爲用也。情以爲田,修禮以耕之,此是也。大備,自耕至于食之而肥。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>禮,釋回,增美質,措則正,施則行。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>釋猶去也。回,邪辟也。質猶性也。措,置也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其在人也,如竹箭之有筠也,如松柏之有心也。二者居天下之大端矣,故貫四時而不改柯易葉,君子有禮,則外諧而內無怨。故物無不懷仁,鬼神饗德。先王之立禮也,有本有文。忠信,禮之本也;義理,禮之文也。無本不立,無文不行。</p>
<p>又《禮器》曰:禮也者,猶體也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>若人身體。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>體不備,君子謂之不成人。設之不當,猶不備也。禮有大有小,有顯有微。大者不可損,小者不可益,顯者不可掩,微者不可大也。故經禮三百,曲禮三千,其致一也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>致之言至也。一謂誠也。經禮謂《周禮》也。《周禮》六篇,其官有三百六十。曲猶事也。事禮謂今禮。今禮篇多亡,本數未聞,其中事儀三千。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>未有入室而不由戶者。</p>
<p>又《禮器》曰:君子曰:甘受和,白受采,忠信之人可以學禮。苟無忠信之人,則禮不虛道。是以得其人之爲貴也。</p>
<p>又《樂記》曰:是故先王有大事,必有禮以哀之;有大福,必有禮以樂之。哀樂之分,皆以禮終。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>大事謂死喪也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《經解》曰:禮之于正國也,猶衡之于輕重也,繩墨之于曲直也,規矩之于方圓也。故衡誠縣,不可欺以輕重;繩墨誠陳,不可欺以曲直;規矩誠設,不可欺以方圓。君子審禮,不可誣以奸詐。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>衡,秤也。縣謂重也。陳設謂彈畫也。誠猶審也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是故隆禮由禮,謂之有方之士;不隆禮不由禮,謂之無方之民。敬讓之道也。</p>
<p>又《經解》曰:故朝覲之禮,所以明君臣之義也。聘問之禮,所以使諸侯相尊敬也。喪祭之禮,所以明臣子之恩也。鄉飲酒之禮,所以明長幼之序也。婚姻之禮,所以明男女之別也。夫禮,禁亂之所由生,猶坊止水之所自來也。故以舊坊爲無所用而壞之者,必有水敗。以舊禮無所用而去之者,必有亂患。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>春見曰朝。小聘曰問。婚姻謂嫁娶也。婿曰婚,妻曰姻。自以由也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故婚姻之禮廢,則夫婦之道苦,而淫辟之罪多矣。鄉飲酒之禮廢,則長幼之序失,而爭鬥之獄繁矣。喪祭之禮廢,則臣子之恩薄,而倍死忘生者衆矣。聘覲之禮廢,則君臣之位失,諸侯之行惡,而倍畔侵陵之欺起矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>若謂不至不答之屬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故禮之教化也微,其止邪也于未形,使人日徙善遠罪而不自知也。是以先王隆之。</p>
<p>又《哀公問》曰:哀公問于孔子曰:「大禮何如?君子之言禮何其尊也。」孔子曰:「丘也小人,不足以知禮。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謙不答曰。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君曰:「否。吾子言之也。」孔子曰:「丘聞之,民之所由生,禮爲大。非禮無以節事天地之神也;非禮無以辨君臣上下長幼之位也;非禮無以別男女父子兄弟之親、昏姻疏數之交也。君子以此之爲尊敬然。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言君子以此,故尊禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:仲尼燕居,子張、子貢、言游侍,縱言至于禮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言游,言偃子游也。縱言,<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>說事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>子曰:「居,女三人者。吾語女禮,使女以禮周流無不偏也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>居女三人者,女三人且坐也。使之坐。凡與尊者言,更端則起也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>子貢越席而對曰:「敢問何如?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>對,應也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>子曰:「敬而不中禮謂之野,恭而不中禮謂之給,勇而不中禮謂之逆。」言游進曰:「敢問禮也者,領惡而全好者與?」子曰:「然。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>領猶治也。好,善也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>「然則何如?」子曰:「郊社之義,所以仁鬼神也;嘗禘之禮,所以仁昭穆也;饋奠之禮,所以仁死喪也;射鄉之禮,所以仁鄉黨也;食享之禮,所以仁賓客也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>仁猶存也。凡存此者,所以全善之道。郊社嘗禘饋奠,存死之善者也。射鄉食享,存生之善者也。郊有後稷,社有句龍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>子曰:「明乎郊社之義、嘗禘之禮,治國其如指諸掌而已乎。是故,以之居處有禮,故長幼辨也;以之閨門之內有禮,故三族和也;以之朝廷有禮,故官爵序也;以之田獵有禮,故戎事閑也;以之軍旅有禮,故武功成也。」</p>
<p>又《仲尼燕居》曰:子曰:「禮者何也?即事之治也。君子有其事,必有其治。治國而無禮,譬猶瞽之無相與,倀倀乎其何之?譬如終夜有求于幽室之中,非燭何以見?若無禮,則手足無所錯耳,目無所加,進退揖讓無所制。」</p>
<p>又《坊記》曰:子云︰「夫禮者,所以章疑別微,以爲民坊者也。故貴賤有等,衣服有別,朝廷有位,則民有所讓。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>位,朝位也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《中庸》曰:子曰:「吾說夏禮,杞不足征也;吾學殷禮,有宋存焉;吾學周禮,今用之。吾從周。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>征猶明也。吾能說夏禮,顧杞之君不足與明故也。吾從周,行今之道。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《禮含文嘉》曰:禮者,履也。</p>
<p>《禮稽命征》曰:得禮之制,澤穀之中,有赤烏、白玉、赤蛇、赤龍、赤木。白泉生出,飲酌之,使壽長。</p>
<p>《禮稽命征》曰:禮之動搖也,與天地同氣,四時合信,陰陽爲符,日月爲明,上下和洽,則物獸如其性命。</p>
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