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109 lines
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷五百四十六</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt3"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt3">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c547_tai_ping_yu_lan_0545.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0545">禮儀部二十四</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷五百四十六 .禮儀部二十五</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c549_tai_ping_yu_lan_0547.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0547">禮儀部二十六</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n6052" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85605283" title="d:Q85605283" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="ju_sang"><span id="id-.E5.B1.85.E5.96.AA" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>居喪</h2>
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<p>《禮記·曲禮》曰:居喪未葬,讀《喪禮》;旣葬,讀《祭禮》;喪復常,讀《樂章》。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>爲禮各于其時。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>居喪不言樂。</p>
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<p>又《曲禮》曰:居喪之禮:頭有瘡則沐,身有瘍則浴,有疾則飲酒食肉,疾止復初。不勝喪,乃比于不慈不孝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>勝,任也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《檀弓上》曰:穆公之母卒,使人問于曾子曰:「如之何?」對曰:「申也聞諸申之父曰:『哭泣之哀,齊斬之情,麋粥之食,自天子達。』」</p>
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<p>又曰:始死,充充如有窮;旣殯,瞿瞿如有求而弗得;旣葬,皇皇如有望而弗至。練而慨然,祥而廓然。子路有姊之喪,可以除之矣,而弗除也。孔子曰:「何弗除也?」子路曰:「吾寡兄弟而不忍也。」孔子曰:「先王制禮,行道之人皆弗忍也。」子路聞之,遂除之。子思哭嫂也爲位。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>禮雖無服,爲位而哭,夫子善之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曾子曰:「小功不稅。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>追服爲稅,則是遠兄弟,終無服也。而可乎?<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曾子曰:「喪有疾,食肉飲酒,必有草木之滋,焉以爲姜桂之謂?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>曾子曰:所雲草木之滋者,姜桂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《檀弓下》曰:子張問曰:「《書》云︰『高宗三年不言,言乃歡。』有諸?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>時人君無行三年之喪禮者。歡,喜悅也。言乃喜悅,則民臣望其言久也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>仲尼曰:「胡爲其不然也?古者天子崩,王世子聽于冢宰三年。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>冢宰,天官。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:顔丁善居喪。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>顔丁,魯人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>始死,皇皇焉如有求而弗得;及殯,望望焉如有從而弗及;旣葬,慨焉如不及其返而息。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>此三者,孝子哀慕之情也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《檀弓》曰:孔子在衛,有送葬者,而夫子觀之,曰:「善哉,爲喪乎!足以爲法矣。小子識之。」子貢曰:「夫子何善爾也?」曰:「其往也如慕,其反也如疑。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>慕謂小兒隨父母啼呼。疑者,哀親之在後如不欲還然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《檀弓上》曰:孔子旣祥,五日彈琴而不成聲,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>哀未忘也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>十日而成笙歌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>逾月且異旬也。祥者凶事,用遠日。五日彈琴,十日笙歌除由外也。彈琴以手,笙歌以氣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>孔子與門人立,拱而尚右,二三子亦皆尚右。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>效孔子也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>孔子曰:「二三子之嗜學也,我則有姊之喪故也。」二三子皆尚左。</p>
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<p>又曰:孟獻子禫,縣而不樂,比禦而不入。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>可以禦婦人矣,尚未復寢。孟獻子,魯大夫仲孫蔑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>夫子曰:「獻子加于人一等矣。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>加猶逾也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《檀弓下》曰:樂正子春之母死,五日而食。曰:「吾悔之。自吾母死,不得吾情,我惡乎用吾情?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>惡乎猶于何也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《王制》曰:三年之喪,自天子達于庶人,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>下通庶人于父母同。天子諸侯降期也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>喪從死者,祭從生者。</p>
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<p>又《曾子問》曰:「父母之喪弗除,可乎?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以其有終身之憂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>孔子曰:「先王制禮,過時不舉,非禮也;非不能,勿除也,患其過制也。故君子過時不祭,禮也。」</p>
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<p>又《雜記》曰:凡喪服未畢,有吊者,則爲位而哭,拜,踴。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>客始來,主人不可以殺禮待之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>大夫之哭大夫弁絰。大夫與殯亦弁絰。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>弁絰者,大夫錫衰相吊之服也。如爵弁而素,如環絰曰弁絰。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>大夫有私喪之葛,則于其兄弟之輕喪,則弁絰。</p>
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<p>又曰:有父之喪,如未沒喪而母死,其除父之喪也。服其除服;卒事,反喪服。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>沒猶竟也。除服謂詳祭之服也。卒事,旣祭,反喪服,服後死者之服。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>雖諸父昆弟之喪,如當父母之喪,其除諸父昆弟之喪也,皆服其除喪之服。卒事,反喪服。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>雖有親之大喪猶爲輕服者,除骨肉之恩也。惟君之喪不除私服。言當者,期大功之喪,或終始皆在三年之中。小功緦麻則不除,殤長中乃除。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:子貢問喪。子曰:「敬爲上,哀次之,瘠爲下。顔色稱其情,戚容稱其服。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>問喪,問居父母之喪也。喪常哀,言敬爲上者,疾時尚不能敬也。容威,儀也。《孝經》曰:容止可觀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>請問兄弟之喪。子曰:「兄弟之喪,則存乎書策矣,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言疏者,如禮行之未有加也。齊斬之喪,哀容之體,經不能載矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君子不奪人之喪,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>重喪禮也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>亦不可奪喪也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不可以輕之于己也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>孔子曰:少連、大連善居喪,三日不怠,三月不懈。其悲哀,三年憂,東夷之子也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言其生于夷狄而知禮也。怠,惰也。懈,倦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:三年之喪,言而不語,對而不問,廬、堊室之中,不與人坐焉。在堊室之中,非時見乎母也,不入門。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言己事也。爲人說爲語在堊室之中,以時事見乎母,乃後入門,則居廬時不入門。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>疏衰皆居堊室,不廬。廬嚴者也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言廬哀敬之處,非有其實則不居。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《雜記》曰:懸子曰:「三年之喪如斬,期之喪如剡。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言其痛之惻怛有淺深也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>期之喪,十一月而練,十三月而祥,十五月而禫。曾申問于曾子曰:「哭父母有常聲乎?」曰:「中路嬰兒失其母焉,何常聲之有?」</p>
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<p>又《間傳》曰:斬衰何以服苴?苴,惡貌也,所以首其內而見諸外也。斬衰貌若苴,齊衰貌若<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>,大功貌若止,小功緦麻容貌可也。此哀之發于容體者也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>有大憂者面必黎黑。止謂不動于喜樂之事也。棫爲似。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>斬衰之哭,若往而不反;齊衰之哭,若往而反;大功之哭,三曲而偯;小功緦麻,哀容可也。此哀之發于聲音者也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>三曲聲而折。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>斬衰惟而不對,齊衰對而不言,大功言而不議,小功緦麻議而不及樂。此哀之發于言語者也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>議謂陳說,非時事也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>斬衰三日不食,齊衰二日不食,大功三不食,小功緦麻再不食。士與斂焉,則壹不食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>三不食爲明旦朝也,再不食謂如死,一不食始斂時一不食也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故父母之喪,旣殯,食粥,朝一溢米,暮一溢米。齊衰之喪,疏食水飲,不食菜果;大功之喪,不食醯醬;小功緦麻,不飲醴酒。此哀之發于飲食者也。父母之喪,旣虞,卒哭,疏食水飲,不食菜果;期而小祥,食菜果;又期而大祥,有醯醬。中月而禫,禫而飲酒。始飲酒者,先飲醴酒。始食肉者,先食乾肉。父母之喪,居倚廬,寢苫枕塊,不脫絰帶。齊衰之喪,居堊室,苄剪不納。大功之喪,寢有席。小功緦麻,床可也。此哀之發于居處者也。</p>
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<p>又《奔喪》曰:聞遠兄弟之喪,旣除喪而後聞喪,免袒成踴,拜,賓則尚左手。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>小功緦麻不稅者也,雖不服猶免祖。尚左手,吉拜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《問喪》曰:親始死,鶏斯徒跣,扌及上衽,交手哭。惻怛之心,痛疾之意,傷腎、乾肝、焦胰,水漿不入口,三日不舉火。故鄰里爲之糜粥以飲食之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>親,父母也。鶏斯當爲笄糸麗,聲之誤也。親始死,去冠二日,乃去笄糸麗括<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>也。今時始喪者,邪巾貊頭,笄糸麗之存象也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《喪服四制》曰:父母之喪,衰、冠繩纓、菅屨。三日而食粥,三月而沐,期十三月而練冠,三年而祥。比終茲三節者,仁者可以觀其愛焉,知者可以觀其理焉,强者可以觀其志焉。</p>
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<p>又《三年問》曰:三年之喪,何也?稱情而立文,因以飾群,別親疏貴賤之節,而弗可損益也。故曰無易之道。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>稱情而立文者,利人情輕重而制其禮也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>創钜者其日久,痛甚者其愈遲。三年者,稱情而立文,所以爲至痛極也。斬衰,苴杖,居倚廬,食粥,寢苫枕塊,所以爲至痛飾也。三年之喪,二十五月而畢,哀痛未盡,思慕未忘,然而服以是斷之者,豈不送死有已、復生有節也哉?凡生天地之間者,有血氣之屬必有知,有知之屬,莫不知愛其類。今是大鳥獸,則失喪其群匹,越月逾時,則必返巡;過其故鄉,回翔焉,鳴號焉,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>屬焉,蜘蹰焉,然後乃能去之。小者至于燕雀,猶有啁噍之頃焉,然後乃能去之。故有血氣之屬者,莫知于人。于其親也,至死不窮,則三年之喪,二十五月而畢,若駟之過隙。然而遂之,則是無窮也。故先王爲之立中制節,壹使足以成文理則釋之矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>立中制節謂服紀使有年月之限者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>然則何以至期也?<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言三年之義爲此,則何以有降至于期者?父在。父在,爲母服期止。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰:至親以期斷,是何也?曰:天地則已易矣,四時則已廢矣,其在天地之中者,莫不更始焉。以是象之也。然則何以三年也?曰:加隆焉爾也,焉使倍之,故再期也。喪三年以爲隆,緦麻、小功以爲殺,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>雖情不至,制以此服,所以立法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>期九月以爲間,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>間之在三年之下,緦麻、小功上也。隨情輕重處之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>上取象于天,下取法于地,中取則于人。人之所以群居,和壹之理盡矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>取法于天地,所謂法其變易也。自三年以至緦麻,皆歲時之數。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《左氏傳·襄上》曰:晏桓子卒,晏嬰粗縗斬、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>斬,不緝也。粗,三外布。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>苴經、帶杖、菅屨、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>苴麻之有子者,菅草履也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>食粥,居倚廬,寢苫枕草。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>此禮與士禮略同。此異惟枕草。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其老曰:「非大夫之禮。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>時人所行,士及大夫縗服各有不同。晏子時爲大夫,行士禮,其家臣不解,故譏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰:「惟卿爲大夫。」</p>
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<p>《家語》曰:子夏問曰:「居君子之母與妻之喪,如之何?」孔子曰:「居處、言語、飲食侃爾于喪所,則稱其服而已。」「敢問伯叔母如之何?」曰:「伯母叔母疏衰期,踴不絕地。姑姊妹之功,踴絕于地。若知此者,由文矣哉,由文矣哉!」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言知禮之意也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《南史》曰:王秀字伯奮,幼時,祖父敬弘愛其風采,仕宋爲太子舍人。父卒,廬于墓側,服闋復職。</p>
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<p>《梁書》曰:到溉遭母憂,居喪盡禮。所處廬開方四尺,毀瘠過人。服闋,猶蔬食布衣者累載。</p>
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<p>又曰:孔奐爲儀曹侍郎,遭母憂。時天下喪亂,皆不能終三年喪。惟奐及吳國張種在寇亂中守法度,幷以孝聞。</p>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="2"><h2 id="ben_sang"><span id="id-.E5.A5.94.E5.96.AA" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>奔喪</h2>
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<p>《禮記·奔喪》曰:奔喪之禮:始聞親喪,以哭答使者,盡哀。問故,又哭,盡哀。遂行。日行百里,不以夜行。惟父母之喪,見星而行,見星而舍。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>侵晨冒昏行者,蓋欲從速。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>若未得行,則成服而後行。過國至境,哭,盡哀而止。哭避市朝,望其國境哭。至于家,入門左,升自西階,殯東。西面坐,哭盡哀,括<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>,袒。奔母之喪,西面哭,盡哀,括發,袒。降堂東,即位,西向哭,皆如奔父之禮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>下堂東至孝子堂所住處。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>婦人奔喪,升自東階,殯東。西面坐,哭盡哀。東ヮ,即位,與主人拾踴。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>拾,更也。主人與之更踴盡哀而哭者,賓客待之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:奔喪者不及殯,先之墓,北面哭,盡哀。主人之待之也,即位于墓左,婦人墓右,成踴,盡哀。括<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>,東即主人位,絰絞帶,哭成踴。拜賓,反位成踴。</p>
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<p>又曰:若所爲位家遠,則成服而往。齊衰望鄉而哭,大功望門而哭,小功至門而哭,緦麻即位而哭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>奔喪哭親疏遠近之差也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="3"><h2 id="fu_gao"><span id="id-.E8.A8.83.E5.91.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>訃告</h2>
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<p>《禮記·雜記上》曰:凡訃于其君,曰:「君之臣某死。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>訃或作赴。赴,至也。臣死,其子使人至君所告也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>父母、妻、長子,曰:「君之臣某之某死。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>此臣子其家喪所主者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君,訃于他國之君,曰:「寡君不祿,敢告于執事。」夫人,曰:「寡小君不祿。」太子之喪,曰:「寡君之適子某死。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>君夫人不稱薨告也,國君謙也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>大夫,訃于同國敵者,曰:「某不祿。」訃于士,亦曰:「某不祿。」訃于他國之君,曰:「君之外臣寡大夫某死。」訃于敵者,曰:「吾子之外私寡大夫某不祿,使某實。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>敵謂有爵者。實當爲至也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>士,訃于同國大夫,曰:「某死。」訃于士,亦曰:「某死。」訃于他國之君,曰:「君之外臣某死。」訃于大夫,曰:「吾子之外私某死。」于士,亦曰:「吾子之外私某死。」</p>
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<p>《白虎通》曰:天子崩,訃告諸侯者何?緣臣子哀痛憤懣,無能不告諸人者也。諸侯欲聞之,當持土地所出,以供喪事。故《禮》曰:天子崩,遣使者訃告諸侯。</p>
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<p>又曰:諸侯薨,使臣歸瑞<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>褸天子者何?諸侯以瑞<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>爲信,今死矣,嗣子諒暗,歸之者,讓之義也。天子聞諸侯薨,哭之何?慘怛發中,哀痛之至也。使大夫吊之,追遠重終之義。</p>
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<p>又曰:臣死亦訃告君何?此君哀痛于臣子也。君欲聞之,當加賻<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>之禮。故《春秋》曰:蔡侯考父卒。卒訃,而葬不告。諸侯薨,訃告鄰國何?緣鄰國欲有禮也。</p>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="4"><h2 id="duo_qing"><span id="id-.E5.A5.AA.E6.83.85" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>奪情</h2>
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<p>《禮記·曾子問》曰:子夏問:「三年之喪,卒哭,金革之事無避也,禮與?初有司與?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>疑有司使之然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>孔子曰:「夏後氏三年之喪,旣殯而致事;殷人旣葬而致事。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>致事,還其職位于君。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>《記》曰:君子不奪人之親,亦不可奪親也。此之謂乎?」子夏曰:「金革之事無避也者,非與?」孔子曰:「吾聞諸老聃曰:『昔魯公伯禽則有爲爲之。』今以三年之喪從其利者,吾不知也。」</p>
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<p>《東觀漢記》曰:桓焉爲大傅,以母憂,自乞聽以大夫。行逾年,詔賜牛酒,奪服,即拜光祿大夫,遷太常。</p>
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<p>《後漢書》曰:耿恭征疏勒,時母卒,及還,追行喪制。有詔使五官中郎將齊牛酒,釋服。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>奪情不令追服。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰:趙喜代虞延行太尉事,遭母憂,上疏乞身行喪禮。顯宗不許,遣使者爲釋服,賞賜恩寵甚渥。</p>
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<p>《漢雜事》曰:翟方進爲丞相,遭後母喪,行服三十六日,起視事,曰:「不敢逾國家也。」</p>
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<p>《吳志》曰:孫權詔曰:「夫三年之喪,天下達制,人情之極痛也。賢者制哀以從禮,不肖勉而致之也。治道已泰,上下無事,君子不奪人情,故三年不逮孝子之門。至于有事,則殺禮以從宜,要絰而處事。故聖人制法,有禮無時則不行。遭喪不奔非古也,蓋隨時之宜,以義斷恩也。前故設科,長吏在官,當須交代,而故犯之,雖隨糾坐,猶以廢曠。方事之殷,國家多難,凡在官司,宜各盡節,先公後私,而不恭承,甚非謂也。中外群僚,其更平議,務令得中節度。」丞相顧雍奏從大辟。其後吳令孟宗喪母,奔赴,已而自拘于武昌,以聽刑戮。陸遜陳其素行,因爲之請。减宗等,後不得以爲比。目此遂絕。</p>
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<p>《風俗通》曰:謹案《禮》,臣有大喪,三年不呼其門。</p>
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