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52 lines
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷六百二十五</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt3"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt3">
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</span><table class="ws-header" style="border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;" about="#mwt3">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c626_tai_ping_yu_lan_0624.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0624">治道部五</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷六百二十五．治道部六</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c628_tai_ping_yu_lan_0626.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0626">治道部七</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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</tbody></table><table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)" class="ws-header" about="#mwt3">
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n6468" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85606855" title="d:Q85606855" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="gong_fu_shang"><span id="id-.E8.B2.A2.E8.B3.A6.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>貢賦上</h2>
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<p>《家語》曰：哀公問政于孔子。孔子對曰：「政之急者。莫大乎使民富且壽也。」公曰：「爲之奈何？」孔子曰：「省力役，薄賦斂，則民富矣；敦禮教，遠罪戾，則民壽矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子貢問于孔子曰：「昔者齊君問政于夫子，夫子曰：『政在節財』；魯君問政于夫子，夫子曰『政在諭臣』；葉公問政于夫子，夫子曰：『政在悅近而來遠』。三者之問一也，夫子應之不同。然則政有異端乎？」孔子曰：「各因其事也。齊君爲國。奢于台榭，淫于苑囿，伎樂不懈于時，一旦而賜人以千乘之家者三。故曰『政在節財』。魯君有三人，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>孟叔、叔孫、季叔。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>內比周以愚其君，外仇諸侯之賓以蔽其明，故曰『政在諭臣』。夫荊之地廣而教狹，民有離心，莫安其居，故曰『政在悅近而來遠』。此三者，皆所以爲政。」</p>
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<p>又曰：閔子騫爲費宰，問政于孔子。孔子曰：「以德以法。夫德法者，禦民之具，猶御馬之銜勒也。」子騫曰：「敢問古之政。」孔子曰：「古之政者，天子以內史爲左右手，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>內史掌王之八柄及叙事之法受納訪，以詔王聽治。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>以德爲銜勒，以百官爲轡，以刑罪爲策，以萬民爲馬，故禦天下數百年而不失。善御馬者正銜勒、齊轡策，善禦民者一其德法，正其百官，刑不用而天下治。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子游問于孔子曰：「子亟言子産之惠，可得聞乎？」孔子曰：「惠在愛民而已。」子游曰：「愛民之謂德教，何翅于惠哉？」孔子曰：「夫子産者，猶衆子之母也，食之弗能教也。」子游曰：「其事可言乎？」孔子曰：「子産以其乘車濟冬涉者，盡愛而無教也。」</p>
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<p>又曰：孔子謂宓子賤曰：「子治單父，衆悅，子何施而得之？」對曰：「不齊之治也。父恤其子，其子恤諸孤而哀喪紀。」孔子曰：「善。小節也。小民附矣，猶未足也。」曰：「不齊，所父事者三人，所兄事者五人，所友事者十一人。」孔子曰：「父事三人，可以教孝矣；兄事五人，可以教悌矣；友事十一人，可以舉善矣。中節也。中節，人附矣，猶未足也。」曰：「此地民有賢于不齊者五人，不齊事之而禀度焉，皆教不齊所以之之治道。」孔子嘆曰：「其大者乃于此乎有矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰：孔子初仕爲中都宰，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>中都，魯邑名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>爲養生送死之節，長幼異食，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>如五十異糧。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>强弱異任，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂力行之事，各從所任弱困也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>男女別塗。路不拾遺，器不雕僞，市不二價。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>各如其貨，不相欺誑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>爲四寸棺，五寸椁，因丘陵爲墳，不封不樹。行之一年，而四方諸侯皆則焉。</p>
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<p>又曰：宓子賤者，仕魯爲單父宰，恐魯君聽讒，使己不得行其政，于是辭行。故請君之近吏二人與之俱至官，令二吏書。方書，輒掣其肘，書不善，則從而怒之。二吏患焉，辭請歸魯。宓子賤曰：「子之書不善，子歸勉之矣。」二吏歸報于君曰：「宓子賤使臣書而掣臣肘，書惡而又怒臣，邑吏皆笑之，此臣所以去之而來也。」魯君以問孔子。孔子曰：「宓不齊，君子也。其才任霸王之佐，屈節而治單父，將以自試。意者，宓子以此諫乎？」公寤，太息曰：「此寡人之不肖也。寡人亂宓子之政而責其善者數矣。微二吏，則寡人無以知過；微夫子，則寡人無由自寤。」遽發所愛之使告宓子曰：「自今以往，單父非魯有也，從子之制。躬便於人者，子决之，五年一言其要。」宓子敬奉詔，遂得行其政。于是單父治焉。教敦厚明親親，尚篤敬施，至仁加懇，誠致忠信，百姓化之。</p>
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<p>又曰：孔子兄之子蔑者，與宓子賤皆仕。孔子往過蔑而問之曰：「自子之仕，何得何亡？」對曰：「未有所得，而亡者三：王事若聾，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>聾宜爲襲，言前後相因襲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>學焉得習，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言不得學習也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>是學不得明也；奉祿少饣亶粥不及親戚，是骨肉益疏也；公事多急，不得吊死問疾，是朋友道闕也。其亡者三，即謂此也。」孔子不悅。往過子賤，問如孔蔑。對曰：「自來仕，無所亡，而所得者三：始誦之，今得而行之，是學信明也；奉祿所供，被及親戚，是骨肉益親；有公事而兼以吊死問疾，是朋友益篤也。」孔子喟然謂子賤曰：「君子哉若人！<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>若人猶是人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>魯無君子，于焉取斯。」</p>
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<p>《國語》曰：齊桓公親逆管仲于郊而與之坐，問焉，曰：「昔吾先君襄公，築台以爲高位；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>居高臺以自尊。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>田狩畢弋，不聽國政；卑聖侮士，而惟女是崇；九妃六嬪，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>正適稱妃。言九者，尊之如一，明其淫侈，非禮制也。<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>至娣之屬皆稱望嬪婦官也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>陳妾數百；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陳，列<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>食必梁肉，衣必文綉；戎士凍餒，戎車待游車之裂，戎士待陳妾之餘；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>戎車，兵車。游車，游戲之車。裂，殘也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>優笑在前，賢材在後。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>優笑車倡非。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>是以國家不日引，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>引申。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>不月長，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>長，益。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>恐宗社之不掃除，社稷之不血食，敢問爲此若何爲治？」管子對曰：「昔吾先王昭王、穆王，世法文、武遠績以成名，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周官之先績功也。言昭王雖有所闕，猶能世法文王武王之典，以成其功名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>合群叟，比校民之有道，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>合，會。叟，老。比，方。校，考也。謂考其德行道藝而興賢。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>設象以爲民紀，式權以相應，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>式，用也。權，平也。治正用民使平均相應。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>比綴以度，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>比其衆寡。綴，連以。度，法也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>端本肇末；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>端，等，肇，正也。謂先等其本以正其末。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>勸之以賞賜，糾之以刑罰，班序顛毛，以爲民紀統。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>班，次。序，列。顛，等也。毛，<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>也。統，經也。言次列使長幼有序，以爲治民之經紀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>桓公曰：「爲之若何？」管子對曰：「昔者聖王之治天下也，參其國而伍其鄙；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>參，三國也。郊以內也。伍，五也。鄙郊以外謂三分國都以爲三軍，五分其鄙以爲五屬。聖主謂若湯武。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>定民之居，成民之事。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>使四民各居其職，若公就官府，農就田野，所以成其事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>陵爲之終，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以爲葬地。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>而慎用其六柄焉。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>柄本六柄，生、殺、貧、富、貴、賤。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：齊桓公問管仲曰：「國安矣，吾欲事于諸侯，其可乎？」管子對曰：「未可。君若正卒伍，修甲兵，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《周禮》五人爲伍，百人爲卒。今《管子》亦以五人爲伍，而以三百人爲卒。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>則大國亦將正卒伍，修甲兵，則難以速得志矣。君有攻伐之器，小國諸侯有守禦之備，則難以速得志矣。君若欲速得志于天下諸侯，則事可以隱，令可寄政。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>事，戎事。隱，匿。寄，托也。匿軍令托于國政，若有征伐，鄰國不知。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>桓公曰：「爲之若何？」管子對曰：「作內政而寄軍令焉。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>內政，國政。以治正以寄軍令。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>桓公曰：「善。」管子于是制國。五家爲軌，軌爲之長；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>軌中一人爲之長。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>十軌爲里，里有司；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>爲立有司。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>四里爲連，連爲之長；十連爲鄉，鄉有良人焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>良人，鄉人，又爲大夫也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>以爲軍令；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>爲軍常令。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>五家爲軌，故五人爲伍，軌長帥之；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>居則爲軌，出則爲伍，所謂寄政。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>十軌爲里，故五十人爲小戎，里有司帥之；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>小戎，兵車。此有司之所乘，故曰小戎。《詩》云︰小戎伐收。古者戎車一乘步卒二十二人，令齊五十人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>四里爲連，故二百人爲卒，連長帥之；十里爲鄉，故二千人爲旅，鄉良人帥之。五鄉一帥，故萬民爲一軍，五鄉之師帥之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>五鄉，每一軍有五鄉也。鄉師鄉也。萬人爲軍，齊制也。周則萬二千五百人爲軍。帥，長。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>三軍故有中軍之鼓，有國子之鼓，有高子之鼓。春以蒐振旅，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>春田曰蒐。振旅，整衆也。《周禮》仲春教振旅，遂以蒐田。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秋以獮治兵。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>秋田曰獮。《周禮》仲秋教治兵，遂以獮田也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>是故卒伍整于里，軍旅整于郊。內教旣成，令勿使遷徙。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>遷徒猶改正。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>伍之人祭祀同福，死喪同恤，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>恤，憂。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>禍灾共之。人與人相疇，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>疇，匹。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>世同居，少同游，故夜戰聲相聞，足以不乖；晝戰目相見，足以相識，其歡欣足以相死。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>致使以相救。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>居同樂，行同和，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>龢與和同。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>死同哀，是故守則同固，戰則同强。君有此士也三萬人，方行于天下，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>方，橫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>以誅無道，以屏周室，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>屏，蕃。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>天下大國之君莫之能禦。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>禦，當。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：晋文公元年春，屬百官賦職任功，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>屬，會；賦，授也。授職事，任有功。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>弃責薄斂，施捨分寡。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>弃責，除宿責也。施，施德也。舍，舍禁也。分寡，分少財也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>救乏振滯，匡困資無，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>救，救乏絕。振極淹滯之士。匡正困窮之人。資無，與無財。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>輕關易道，通商寬農，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>輕關，輕其稅。易道，除盜賊。通商，利旅。寬農，寬其政不奪其時。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>懋穡勸分，省用足財，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>茂勉稼穡也。勸有分無也。省减國用。足財備凶年。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>利器明德，以厚民性，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>利，利器用。明，其德教。厚民性，厚其性情也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>舉善授能，官方定物，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>方，常。物，事。亡其常官，以定百事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>正名育類。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>正名，正上下服位之名。育類，長育善類。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昭舊族，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>昭明舊臣有功者之善。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>愛親戚，明賢良，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>明，顯。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>尊貴寵，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>國之貴臣尊禮之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>賞功勞，事<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>老，禮賓旅，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>旅，客。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>友故舊。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>故舊，公子時。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>胥、籍、狐、箕、欒、卻、柏、先、羊舌、董、韓，實掌近官。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>舊十一姓，晋之舊族。近官，朝廷。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>諸姬之良，掌其中官，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>諸姬，同姓。中官，內官。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>異姓之能，掌其遠官。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>遠官，縣鄙。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>公食貢，大夫食邑，士食田，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>受公田。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>庶人食力，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>各由其力。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>工商食官，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>工，百工。商，商賈。《周禮》藏皆有賈人以知物賈。食官官禀之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>皂隸食職，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>士臣皂，皂臣輿，輿臣隸。食職，各以其職大小食祿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>官宰食加。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>官宰，家臣。加，大夫之加田也。《論語》原憲爲之宰。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>政平民阜，財用不匱。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>阜，安。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《呂氏春秋》曰：吳起行，魏武侯自送之，絕河，謂吳起曰：「先生將何以治之西河？」對曰：「以忠，以信，以勇，以敢。」武侯曰：「四者足矣。請以四者恃先生。」</p>
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<p>又曰：宓子賤治單父，彈鳴琴，身不下堂而單父治。巫馬期以星出，以星入，日夜不居，以身親之，而單父亦治。巫馬期問其故于宓子。宓子曰：「我之謂任人，子之謂任力。任力者固勞，任人者固逸。」宓子則君子矣。</p>
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<p>又曰：使民無欲，上雖賢，不用失。無欲者，其視爲天子與隸同，彭祖與殤子同。天子至貴也，天下至富也，彭祖至壽也，誠無欲，則三者不足勸。故人之欲多者，其可得用亦多也。人之欲少者，其可得用亦少也。無欲者，不可得而用之。善爲上者，能令人得欲無窮，故人亦可得用而無窮。然欲不正，以治身則夭，以治國則亡。群狗相與居，皆靜；投以炙鶏，則相與爭，或折其骨，或絕其筋，爭術在也。凡治國，令其民爭行義也；亂國，令其民爭不義也；强國，令其民爭樂用也；弱國，令其民競不用也。</p>
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<p>又曰：桀、紂以去之之道致之，罰雖重刑雖嚴，何益？大寒，民暖是利；熱在上，民清是利走。故民無常處，見利則去。欲爲天子者，民之所走不可不察。今之世至寒矣，至熱矣，而民無走，聚則行鈞也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>等于暴亂。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>民無走則王者廢矣，暴君幸矣，民絕望矣。</p>
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<p>《家語》曰：子路治蒲三年，孔子過之，入其境，三稱善。子貢執轡而問：「其善可得聞乎？」孔子曰：「吾入其境，田疇盡易，草萊甚辟，溝洫深浚。此恭敬以信，故其民盡力。入其邑，墉屋宅固，樹木甚茂，此其忠信而寬，故其民不偷也。至其庭甚清閑，諸不用命，此其言明察以斷，故其政不擾也。以此觀之，雖三稱善，庸盡其美乎？」</p>
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