188 lines
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HTML
188 lines
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷八百四十七</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt1">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c848_tai_ping_yu_lan_0846.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0846">飲食部四</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷八百四十七．飲食部五</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c850_tai_ping_yu_lan_0848.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0848">飲食部六</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n8801" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Template:Textinfo" title="Template:Textinfo"><img alt="Documentation for the TextInfo template." resource="./File:Information_icon.svg" src="images/c1007_Information_icon.svg_20px_Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Information_icon.svg-20px-Information_icon.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Talk:太平御覽/0847" title="Talk:太平御覽/0847">版本<span typeof="mw:LanguageVariant" data-mw-variant="{"twoway":[{"l":"zh-hant","t":"資訊"},{"l":"zh-hans","t":"信息"}]}"/></a></li><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85608960" title="d:Q85608960" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="shi_shang"><span id="id-.E9.A3.9F.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>食上</h2>
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<p>《周禮·天官·膳夫》曰：膳夫掌王之食、飲、膳、羞，以養王及后、世子。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>羞有滋味。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡王之饋，食用六谷，膳用六牲，飲用六清，羞用百二十品，珍用八物，醬用百有二十甕。王日一舉，鼎十有二，物皆有俎。以樂侑食。膳夫授祭，品嚐食，王乃食。</p>
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<p>又曰：王齊，則玉府供玉食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭玄注曰：玉，陽之精，御水氣也。鄭司農云：食玉犀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《天官·食醫》曰：掌和王之六膳、百羞、百醬、八珍之齊。凡食齊視春時，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>飲宜溫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>羹齊視夏時，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>羹宜熱。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>醬齊視秋時，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>醬宜涼。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>飲齊視冬時。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>飲宜寒。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡和，春多酸，夏多苦，秋多辛，冬多咸，調以滑甘。凡會膳食之宜，牛宜徐，羊宜黍，豕宜稷，犬宜粱，雁宜麥，魚宜苽。凡君子之食，恆放焉。</p>
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<p>又曰：內饔，掌王及后、世子膳羞之割烹煎和之事，辨體名肉物，辨百品味之物。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>割，肆解肉也。烹，煮也。煎和齊以五味。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>選百羞、醬物、珍物以侯饋，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>先進其中御者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>共后及世子之膳羞。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>膳夫掌之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：小宰，凡朝覲、會同、賓客，以牢禮之法，掌其牢禮、委積、膳獻、飲食、賓賜之飧牽與其陳數。</p>
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<p>又曰：大宗伯，以飲食之禮，親宗族兄弟。</p>
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<p>《大戴禮》曰：食穀者必智惠而巧。</p>
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<p>《禮記·曲禮上》曰：侍食於長者，主人親饋，則拜而食；主人不親饋，則不拜而食。共食不飽，無流啜<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭玄注曰：流啜，有似貪也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>無吒食，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>吒，陟嫁切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>毋齧骨，毋反魚肉，毋投與狗骨，毋固獲，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>飲自得曰固，爭自取曰獲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>毋刺齒。</p>
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<p>又曰：凡進食之禮，左殽右胾，食居人之左，羹居人之右，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>皆便食也。殽，骨體也。胾，切肉也。食，飯屬也。居之左右，明其近也。殽在俎，胾在豆。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>膾炙處外，醯醬處內。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>殽胾之外內也。近醯醬者食之主。膾炙皆在豆也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蔥㳿處末，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>㳿烝蔥也。處醯醬之左，言末者殊加也，在豆。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>酒醬處右。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>處羹之右，此言若酒若漿耳。兩有之，則左酒右漿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>以脯脩置者，左朐右末。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>亦便食也。屈中曰朐，其俱切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：齊大飢，黔敖為食於路，以待餓者而食之。有餓者蒙袂輯屨貿，貿然來。黔敖左奉食，右執飲，曰：「嗟！來食！」揚其目而視，曰：「予惟不食『嗟來』之食，以至於斯也。」從而謝之。終不食而死。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《風俗通》曰：齊人不食而死也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：食於有喪者之側，未嘗飽也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>助哀戚也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：庶人春荐韭，夏荐麥，秋荐黍，冬荐稻。韭以卵，麥以魚，黍以豚，稻以雁。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>庶人無常牲，取與新物相宜而已。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：文王之為太子，朝於王季。日三食上，必在視寒暖之節。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>在，察也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>食下，問所膳。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>問所食者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命上宰曰：「未有原。」應曰：「諾」，然後退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>未猶勿也。原，再也。勿有所再進，為其失飪臭味惡也。退，反其寢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>又曰：朝夕之食上，世子必在視寒暖之節。食下，問所膳。羞必知所進，以命膳宰，然後退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>羞必知所進，必知親所食也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>若內豎言疾，則世子親齊玄而養。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>親猶自也。養疾者齊，玄冠玄端也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>膳宰之饌，必敬視之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>疾者之食，齊和所欲或異。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>疾之藥，必親嘗之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>試毒也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>嘗饌善，則世子亦能食；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>善謂多於前。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>嘗饌寡，世子亦不能飽。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>又不及武王一飯再飯。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：古者未有火化，食草木之實、烏獸之肉，飲其血，茹其毛。後聖有作，然後修火之利，以炮以燔，以烹以炙，以為醴酪。</p>
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<p>又曰：夫禮之初，始諸飲食。其燔黍捭豚，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>捭，卜麥切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>汙尊而抔飲，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>汙，烏莘切。抔，步侯切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蕢桴而土鼓，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蕢，苦對切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>猶若可以致其敬於鬼神。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言其物雖質略，有齊敬之心，則可以荐羞於鬼神。鬼饗德，不饗味也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>又曰：天子一食，諸侯再，大夫三。</p>
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<p>又曰：不食雛鱉。狼去腸，狗去腎，狸去正脊，兔去尻，狐去首，豚去腦，魚去乙，鱉去丑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>皆為不利人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：膳、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>目諸膳也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>膷、臐、曉、醢<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>膷，音香。臐，許云切。曉，許堯切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>牛炙醢、牛胾；醢、牛膾；羊炙、羊胾、醢，豕炙、醢；豕胾、芥醬、魚膾；雉、兔、鶉、鷃。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>此上大夫之禮，庶羞二十豆也。以公食大夫禮饌校之，則曉、牛炙間不得有醢。醢，衍字也。又以鷃為鴑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《玉藻》曰：侍食於先生，異爵者，後察先飯。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謙也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>客祭，主人辭曰：「不足祭也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>祭者盛王人之饌也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>客餐，主人辭以疏。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>飧者，美主人之食也。疏之言粗也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：父命呼，惟而不諾，手執業則投之，食在口則吐之。</p>
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<p>又曰：若賜之食，而君客之，則命之祭，然後祭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>雖見賓客，猶不敢備禮也。侍食則正不祭。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>先飯，辨嘗羞，飲而俟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>侯君食而後食之，患也。將食，臣先嘗，孝也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>若有嘗羞者，則俟君之食，然後食，飯飲而俟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不祭侍食，不敢備禮也。不嚐羞膳，宰存也。飯飲，利將食也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君命之羞，羞近者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>辟貪味也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命之品嚐之，然後惟所欲。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>必先遍嘗之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡嘗遠食，必順近食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>從近如也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君未覆手，不敢飧。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>覆手，已循咡，已食也。飧，勸食也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君既食，又飯飧。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不敢先君飽。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>飯飧者，三飯也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>臣勸君食，如是可也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>君既徹，執飯與醬乃出授從者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>食於尊前，親徹也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡侑食，不盡食，食於人不飽。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謙也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《學記》曰：雖有嘉殽，弗食，不知其旨也；雖有至道，弗學，不知其善也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>旨，美也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《雜記》曰：孔子曰：「吾食於少施氏而飽，少施氏食我以禮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言貴其以禮待己而為之飽也。時人倨慢，若季氏，則不以禮矣。少施氏，魯惠公子施父之後。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>吾祭，作而辭曰：『疏食，不足祭也。』吾飧，作而辭曰：『疏食也，不敢以傷吾子。』納幣一束，束五兩，兩五尋。」</p>
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<p>又《坊記》曰：故食禮，主人親饋，則客祭；主人不親饋，則客不祭。故君子苟無禮，雖美不食焉。</p>
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<p>《左傳》曰：晉公子重耳過衛，衛文公不禮焉。出於五鹿，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>五鹿，鄭地。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乞食於野人，與之塊。公子怒，欲鞭之。子犯曰：「天賜也！」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>得土，有天賜。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>稽首受而載之。</p>
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<p>又曰：楚伐庸，出師旬有五日，百濮乃罷。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>濮夷無屯聚，見難則散歸。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>自廬以往，掌マ同食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>往，往伐庸也。振，發也。廩，倉也。同食，上下無異饌也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：初，宣子田於首山，舍於翳桑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>田，獵也。翳桑，桑之多蔭翳者。首山，在河東浦板縣東南。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>見靈輒餓，問其病，曰：「不食三日矣。」食之，舍其半。問之，曰：「宦三年矣，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>宦，學也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>未知母之存否。今近焉，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>去家近。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>請以遺之。」使盡之，而為之簞食與肉，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>簞，笥也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>置諸橐以與之。既而與為公介，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>靈輒為公甲士。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>倒戟以御公徒而免之。問其故，對曰：「翳桑之餓人也。」問其名居，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>問所居。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>不告而退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不望報也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>遂自亡也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>輒亦去。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：諸侯之師次於鄭西，我師次於督楊，不敢過鄭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>督楊，鄭地。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>子叔聲伯使叔孫豹請逆於晉師，為食於鄭郊，師逆以至。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>聲伯戒叔孫以必須所遞晉師至乃食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>聲伯四日不食以待之。食使者，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>使者，豹之介。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>而後食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言其忠也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：晉侯合諸侯，楊干亂行，魏絳戮其仆。晉侯以絳為能以刑佐民矣，反役，與之禮食，使佐新軍。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>群臣族會禮食也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：衛獻公戒孫文子、寧惠子食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>勸戒二子欲共燕食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>皆服而朝，日旰不召，而射鴻於囿。二子從之，不釋皮冠而與之言，二子怒。</p>
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<p>又曰：魏獻子為政，以魏戊為梗楊大夫。梗楊人有獄，魏戊不能斷，以獄上。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>上魏子也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其大宗賂以女樂，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>訟者之大宗。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>魏子將受之。戊謂閻沒、汝寬<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>二人魏子大夫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰：「主以不賄聞於諸侯。若受梗楊人，賄莫甚焉！吾子必諫！」皆許諾。退朝，待於廷。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>魏子朝君退，而待於魏子之庭。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>饋入，召之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>召大夫食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>比置，三嘆。既食，使坐。魏子曰：「吾聞諸伯叔，諺曰：唯食忘憂。吾子置食之間三嘆，何也？」同辭而對曰：「或賜二小人酒，不夕食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>或，他人也。言飢甚也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>饋之始至，恐其不足，是以嘆。中置，自咎曰：豈將軍食之而有不足？是以再嘆。及饋之畢，願以小人之腹為君子之心，屬厭而已。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>屬，足。小人腹飽知足也。言君子之心厭宜亦然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>獻子辭梗楊人。</p>
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<p>又曰：叔孫穆子食慶封，慶封泛祭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>有餘，示有所先也。泛祭，遠散所祭不共。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>穆子不說，使工為之誦《茅鴟》。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>工，樂師。《芋鴟》，逸師，刺不敬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>亦不知。</p>
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<p>又曰：晉悼夫人食輿人之城杞者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>與，眾也。城祀在往年。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>絳縣人或年長矣，無子而往與於食。</p>
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<p>又曰：華亥與其妻，必盥而食所質公子者，後食公與夫人。每日必適華氏食公子而後歸。</p>
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<p>又曰：昔闔廬在國，天有災厲，親巡孤寡，而共其乏困。在軍熟食者，分而後敢食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>必須軍士皆分熟食，不敢先食。分猶遍也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其所嘗者，卒乘與焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>所嘗，甘珍，非常食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：衛侯為虎幄於藉圃，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>於藉田之圃新造幄幕，以虎獸為飾。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>成，求令名者而與之始食焉。太子請使良夫，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以良夫應為令名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>良夫乘衷甸兩牡，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>衷甸，一轅，卿車。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>紫衣狐裘，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>紫衣，君服。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>至袒喪不釋劍而食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt91" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>食而熱，故偏袒，亦不敬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>太子使牽以退，數之以三罪，而殺之。</p>
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<p>又曰：左師每食擊锺。聞锺聲，公曰：「夫子將食。」</p>
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<p>又曰：民之失德，乾餱以愆。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt92" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>餱，食也。《箋》云：德言過乎。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：民之質矣，日用飲食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt93" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>質，成。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《生民》曰：克歧克嶷，以就口食。</p>
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<p>《韓詩外傳》曰：子夏過曾子，食之。子夏曰：「不為公費乎？」曾子曰：「有三費，飲食不在其中。少而學，長而志之，一費；事君而輕負，二費；久交中絕，三費。」</p>
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<p>《舜典》曰：咨十有二牧，曰食哉惟時。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>王肅注曰：食哉者，所以重之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《洪范》曰：八政：一曰食。</p>
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<p>又曰：惟辟玉食。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt95" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>孔安國曰：玉食，美食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《周書》曰：甘食美衣便長貧。
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《尚書大傳》曰：八政何以先食？食者，萬物之始，人之所本者也。</p>
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<p>《易》曰：云上於天，需，君子以飲食燕樂。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt96" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>需，飲食之道也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>九五，需於酒食，貞吉。</p>
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<p>又曰：「噬嗑」，食也。頤中有物，曰：「噬嗑」。</p>
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<p>又曰：山下有雷，頤，君子慎言語，節飲食。</p>
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<p>《論語》曰：一簞食，一瓢飲，人不堪其憂，回也不改其樂。</p>
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<p>又曰：齊必變食，居必遷坐。食不厭精，膾不厭細。肉雖多，不使勝食氣。食不語，寢不言。雖蔬食菜羹，瓜祭必齋如也。</p>
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<p>《<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/史記" title="史記">史記</a>》曰：張蒼嘗被刑，王陵救免之。蒼常德陵。後為丞相，洗沐常先朝陵，夫人上食，然後敢歸家。</p>
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<p>又曰：韓信從下鄉南昌亭長寄食，數月，亭長患之，乃晨炊蓐食，時信往，不為具食。信亦知其意，怒，竟絕去。乃釣城下，一漂母飯信，竟漂數十日。信喜，謂漂母曰：「吾必有以重報母！」母怒曰：「丈夫不能自食，吾哀王孫而進食，豈望報乎！」</p>
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<p>又曰：景帝居禁中，召條侯周亞夫賜食，獨置大胾，無切肉，又不置箸。條侯心不平，顧謂尚席取著。景帝視而笑曰：「此不足君所食乎？」條侯免冠謝。</p>
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<p>又曰：東方朔，詔賜之食於前。飯已，盡懷其餘肉持去，衣盡污。</p>
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<p>《古史考》曰：始有燔炙，人裹肉燒之，曰炮，故食取名焉。及神農時，民食谷，釋米加於燒石之上而食。及黃帝，始有釜甑，火食之道成。</p>
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<p>《戰國策》曰：蘇秦之楚，三月乃得見王。談卒，辭行。楚王曰：「先生不遠千里而臨寡人，曾弗肯留，願聞其說。」對曰：「楚國食貴於玉，薪貴於桂，謁者難見於鬼，王難見於帝。今令臣食玉炊桂，因鬼見帝，其可得乎？」</p>
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<p>《<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰：陸賈勸陳平與太尉絳侯和，以謀諸呂。平乃以奴婢百人，車馬五千乘，錢五百萬，遺賈為飲食資。</p>
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<p>又曰：萬石君，時賜侯食於家，必稽首俯伏而食，如在上前。子孫有過，對案不食。</p>
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<p>又曰：有司劾竇嬰矯先帝詔棄市。嬰陽病不食，欲死。或聞上無意殺嬰，復食也。</p>
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<p>又曰：昌邑王在喪，詔太官上乘輿，食如故。食監奏：「未釋服，未可御故食也。」</p>
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<p>又曰：鮑宣上書曰：「陛下擢臣岩穴，誠冀有益毫毛，豈徒欲臣美食大官，重高門之地哉？」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt97" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>晉灼曰：高門，殿名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：太師孔光，聖人之後，先師之子，德行純淑，賜飧十七物。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt98" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>服虔曰：食具十七動物也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《續漢書》曰：靈帝數游於西園，令後宮釆女為客舍主。身為商賈，行至客舍，釆女下酒，因共飲食。</p>
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<p>《東觀漢記》曰：光武過鄧禹營，禹進炙魚，上大餐啖。百姓聚觀，皆言：「劉公真天人也！」</p>
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<p>又曰：汝郁，字叔異，陳國人。年五歲，母疾，不能飲食，郁亦不肯食。宗親共奇之，因名曰異。</p>
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<p>又曰：趙孝，字長平。建武初，天下新定，谷食尚少。孝得谷，炊熟，令弟禮夫妻使出。比還，孝夫妻共茹蔬菜，禮夫妻來歸，告言已食，輒獨飯之。積久，禮心怪疑，後掩伺見之，亦不肯後出，遂共蔬食。兄弟怡怡，鄉里歸德。</p>
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<p>又曰：梁鴻少孤，以幼童詣太學受業，治《詩》、《禮》、《春秋》。常獨止，不與人同食。</p>
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<p>又曰：明德皇后既處椒房，太官上飯，累殽膳備副，重加幕覆，輒撤去，譴敕令與諸舍相望也。</p>
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<p>謝承《後漢書》曰：茅容，字季偉，陳留人。與等輩避西樹下，眾皆箕踞相對，容危坐愈恭。郭林宗見而奇之，共與言，因請寓宿。旦日，容殺雞為黍，林宗謂為己設。既而以供其母，自以菜蔬與林宗同飯。林宗起拜之，曰：「卿賢乎哉！」因勸令學，卒以成德也。</p>
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<p>又曰：董宣為洛陽令，殺胡陽公主奴。帝怒，欲殺宣，後原之。敕令詣太官賜食。宣受詔出，飯盡，覆杯食按上。太官以狀聞，上問宣，宣對曰：「臣食不敢遺余，如奉職不敢遺力。」</p>
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<p>又曰：帝憫竇融年衰，遣中常侍中謁者，即其臥內，強進酒食。</p>
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<p>又曰：趙咨，躬率子孫，耕農為養。盜嘗夜往劫之，咨恐母驚懼，乃先至門迎盜，因請為設食，謝曰：「老母八十，疾病須養，居貧，朝夕無儲，乞少置衣糧。妻子物余一無請。」盜皆慚嘆，跪而辭曰：「所犯無狀，干暴賢者。」言畢奔出。咨追，以物與之。由此益知名。</p>
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<p>又曰：郅元義父伯考，為尚書僕射。元義還鄉里，妻留事姑甚謹。姑憎之，幽閉空室，節其飲食，羸困。妻終無怨言。後伯考怪而問之，時義子朗年數歲，言：「母不病，但苦飢耳。」</p>
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<p>又曰：韓卓，字子助。臘日，奴竊食祭其先，卓義而免之。</p>
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<p>又曰：延熹末，黨事將作。袁閎遂散發絕代，欲投跡深林。以母老不宜遠遁，乃筑土室，四周於庭，不為戶，自牖納飲食而已。</p>
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<p>《魏志》曰：典韋好酒食，飲啖兼人。每賜食於前，大飲長啜，左右相屬，人益乃供，太祖壯之。</p>
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<p>又曰：漢末，中常侍唐衡弟為京兆虎牙都尉，入謁尹。尹欲修主人，敕外為市買。功曹趙息啟云：「衡、悺子弟來為虎牙，非德選！不足為特酤買，宜隨中舍菜食而已。」</p>
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<p>《魏志》曰：文帝為太后弟康起第成，太后至第，請諸家外親，設下廚無異膳，太后左右菜食粟飯無魚肉，其儉約如此也。</p>
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<p>又曰：扈累者，嘉平中，年八十九歲，若六七十者。縣官以孤老，日給廩五升。五升不足食，頗行佣作以裨之，糧盡復出，人與不取，食不求美，衣弊縕故。後一二年病亡。</p>
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<p>又曰：諸葛亮出斜谷，與司馬宣王對壘。宣王見亮使，惟問其寢食，及其事之繁簡戎事。使對曰：「諸葛公夙興夜寐，二十罰已上，皆親覽焉。所啖食不至數升。」宣王曰：「亮體斃矣，其能久乎！」</p>
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<p>又曰：沐并，字德信，河間人也。少孤苦。袁紹父子時始為吏，名有志介。嘗過姊，為殺雞炊黍，而不留也。正始中，為三府長史。時吳使朱然、諸葛瑾攻圍樊城，遣舡兵於峴山東斫材。牂牁人兵作食，有先熟者呼後熟者，言「其食來」，後熟者答言「不也」。呼者曰：「欲作沐德信耶？」其名流布播於異域如此。雖自華夏，不知者以為前世人。</p>
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<p>《江表傳》曰：南陽樊伷為武昌部從事，誘導諸夷叛屬劉備。孫權召問潘浚，浚曰：「以五千兵往，足擒矣！」权曰：「卿何以輕之？」浚曰：「伷昔為州人設饌，比至日中，食不可得，而十餘自起。此亦侏儒觀一節之驗！」权即遣將五千兵往，果平武昌。</p>
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<p>《吳志》曰：步騭，字子出。世亂，避難江東，單身窮困。與廣陵衛旌同年相善，俱以種瓜自給，晝勤四體，夜誦經傳。會稽焦徵羌，郡之豪族，人客放縱。騭與旌寄食其地，懼為所侵，乃共修刺奉瓜以奏徵羌。方內臥，駐之移時。旌欲去，騭止之，曰：「本所以來，畏其強也。今舍去，欲以為高，祗怨耳。」良久，徵羌開牖見之，身隱几，坐帳中，設席致地，坐騭、旌於牖外。旌愈恥之，騭辭色自若。徵羌身自亨大案，殽膳重沓，而小槃飯與騭、旌，惟菜茹而已。旌不能食，騭極飯致飽乃辭出。旌怒騭曰：「能忍此乎！」騭曰：「吾等貧賤，是以主人以貧賤遇之，固其宜也，當何所恥？」</p>
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<p>《蜀志》曰：漢獻帝舅車騎將軍董承，辭帝，受帝衣帶中密詔當誅曹公。先主是時與曹公從容，曹公謂先主曰：「天下英雄，惟使君與操耳？本初之徒，不足數也！」先主食失匕箸。</p>
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<p>又曰：關羽嘗為流矢所中，貫其左臂。後瘡雖愈，每陰雨痛。醫曰：「矢鏃有毒，毒入於骨。當破臂作瘡，刮骨去毒，然後此患乃除耳。」關羽便伸臂，令醫鑿之。時羽適請諸將，飲食相對，臂血流離，盈於槃器。而羽割炙引酒，言笑自若。</p>
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