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119 lines
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷八百九十三</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt1">
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</span><table class="ws-header" style="border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;" about="#mwt1">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c894_tai_ping_yu_lan_0892.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0892">獸部四</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷八百九十三·獸部五</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c896_tai_ping_yu_lan_0894.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0894">獸部六</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n9197" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Template:Textinfo" title="Template:Textinfo"><img alt="Documentation for the TextInfo template." resource="./File:Information_icon.svg" src="images/c1007_Information_icon.svg_20px_Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Information_icon.svg-20px-Information_icon.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Talk:太平御覽/0893" title="Talk:太平御覽/0893">版本<span typeof="mw:LanguageVariant" data-mw-variant="{"twoway":[{"l":"zh-hant","t":"資訊"},{"l":"zh-hans","t":"信息"}]}"/></a></li><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85609696" title="d:Q85609696" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="ma_yi"><span id="id-.E9.A6.AC.E4.B8.80" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>馬一</h2>
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<p>《說文》曰：馬，怒也，武也。馬一歲曰<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音環<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，二歲曰駒，三歲曰駣<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音兆<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，八歲曰{馬八}<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音八<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。高六尺曰驕，七尺曰騋<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音來<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，八尺曰龍。騊<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音陶<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>駼<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音途<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，北野之良馬也。驁，駿馬也，以壬申日死，乘馬者忌之。</p>
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<p>《爾雅》曰：騊駼馬，野馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>北海內有獸，狀如馬，名騊駼，青色。騊駼，一名野馬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昆蹄趼，善升甗。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>甗，山形似甑，上大下小。時有昆蹄之馬，蹄平如研，善升甗。甗，山嶺也。研，音吟燕切。甗，音魚健切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>昆賖，枝蹄研，善升甗。小領，盜驪。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>盜驪，千里馬也。領，頃也。昆駼之馬，枝蹄如牛，而下平。小領，馬種，一名盜驪。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>絕有力，駥<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬高八尺。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。膝上皆白，<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>，馬後左腳白，音注也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>四骹<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音敲<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>皆白，驓。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>骹，膝下也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>四蹢皆白，首。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>俗呼為踏雲馬。蹢，蹄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>前足皆白，騱。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>下雞切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>後足皆白，翑<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>巨俱切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。前右足白，啟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《左傳》曰：啟，服也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>左白，馵。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音注。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>後右足白，驤。左白，騎。騮馬白腹，騵。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>魚源切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>驪馬白跨，驈。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>驪，黑色。跨，髀間。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>白州，驠。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>州，竅。於見切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>尾本白，騴。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>尾抹白也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>尾白，駺。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音郎。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>馰顙，白顛。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>戴星馬也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>白達，素懸。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>素，鼻莖也。俗所謂漫髗徹齒。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>面顙皆白，惟駹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>顙，額。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>回毛在膺，宜乘。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>樊光曰：俗謂之官府馬。《伯樂相馬法》：旋毛在腹下如乳者，千里馬也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>在肘后，減陽。在翰，茀方。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>幹，脅。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>在背，闋廣<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>皆別旋毛所在之名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>逆毛，居{馬充}<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬毛逆刺。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。騋<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音來<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>牝，驪牡。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬七尺已上為騋。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>玄駒褭驂<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>玄駒，小馬別名褭驂耳。或曰此即騕褭，古之良馬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。牡曰騭<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>今江東呼駮馬為騭。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，牝曰騇。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>草馬名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>白，駁。黃白，騜。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《詩》云：騜駮其馬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>馬黃脊，騝<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>奇連切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，驪馬黃脊，騽。青驪，駽<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>今之鐵驄。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。青驪驎驒<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>色有淺深，班駁隱驎，今連錢驄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。青驪繁鬣，騥。驪白雜毛，鴇<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>今之烏驄。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。黃白雜毛，駓<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>今之桃花馬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。陰白雜毛，駰<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陰，淺黑，今之泥驄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。蒼白雜毛，騅。彤白雜毛，騢<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>彤赤也，今之赭白馬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。白馬黑鬣，駱。白馬黑唇，駩<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>七全切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。黑喙，騧。一目白，瞷<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音閑<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>；二目白，魚<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>似魚眼也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>。既差我馬，宗廟齊毫<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>尚純也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，戎事齊力，田獵齊足。</p>
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<p>《周易·說卦》曰：乾為馬。</p>
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<p>又《坤卦·彖》曰：腧馬地類，行地無疆。</p>
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<p>又《說卦》曰：震，其於馬也，為善鳴，為<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音注<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>足，為作足，為的顙。</p>
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<p>又曰：乾為良馬，為老馬，為瘠馬，為駁馬。</p>
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<p>又《屯卦》曰：六四，乘馬般如，匪寇，婚媾，徃吉無不利。</p>
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<p>又《下繫》曰：服牛乘馬，引重致遠，以利天下，盖取諸《隨》。</p>
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<p>又曰：坤，玄亨利牝馬之貞。王弼《文言》注曰：「以龍敘乾，以馬明坤，隨事義而取象也。」</p>
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<p>《禮記·月令》曰：孟春之月，天子駕蒼龍。孟夏之月，天子駕赤騮。孟秋之月，天子駕白駱。孟冬之月，天子駕鐵驪。</p>
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<p>又《學記》曰：始駕馬，反之，車在馬前。</p>
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<p>又《內則》曰：馬黑脊而般臂，漏。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>漏當為螻，如螻蛄臭也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：大夫，士卒下公門，式路馬。乘路馬，必朝服。步路馬，必中道。蹙路馬芻，有誅。路馬死，埋之以帷。</p>
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<p>《詩·國風·卷耳》曰：陟彼崔嵬，我馬虺隤。</p>
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<p>又曰：陟彼高岡，我馬玄黃。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>虺隤、玄黃，皆病。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《魯頌》曰：《駉》，頌僖公也。僖公能遵伯禽之法，務農重穀，牧於垧野，而史克作是頌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>史克，魯人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>駉駉牡馬，在垧之野，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>駉駉，良馬也。垧，遠野也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>薄言駉者，有驈有皇，有驪有黃，以車彭彭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>驪馬白跨曰驪，黃白曰皇，純黑曰驪，黃騂曰黃，彭彭，有容力也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。薄言駉者，有騅有駓，有騂有騏，以車伾伾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>倉白雜毛曰騅，黃白雜毛曰駓，赤黃曰騂，倉祺曰騏。伾伾，有力也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。薄言駉者，有驒有駱，有騮有雒，以車繹繹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>青驪驎曰驒，白馬黑鬣曰駱，赤身黑鬣曰騮，黑身白鬣曰駱。繹繹，善走也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>駉駉牡馬，在坰之野，薄言駉者，有駰有騢，有驔有魚，以車袪袪。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陰白雜毛曰駰，彤白雜毛曰騢，豪骭曰驔，二目白曰魚。祛祛，彊徤也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：叔于田，乘乘馬。執轡如組，兩驂如舞。叔於田，乘乘黃。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>四馬皆黃。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>兩服上襄，兩驂雁行。</p>
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<p>又《白駒》曰：皎皎白駒，食我場藿。縶之維之，以永今夕。皎皎白駒，在彼空谷。生芻一束，其人如玉。</p>
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<p>《左傳·僖十五年》曰：秦晉戰於韓，晉惠公乘小駟，鄭入也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭獻馬，名小駟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>慶鄭曰：「古者大事，必乘其產。生其水土，而知其人心；安其教訓，而服習其道。惟所納之，無不如志。今乘異產以從戎事，及懼而變，將與人易。亂氣狡憤，陰血周作，張脈僨興，外強中乾，進退不可，周旋不能。君必悔之。」竿育。及戰，公戎馬旋濘而止，公號慶鄭，鄭曰：「愎諫違卜，固敗是求。」遂去之。</p>
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<p>又曰：晉侯伐齊，齊師夜遁。邢伯告中行伯曰：「有班馬之聲，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>夜遁，馬不相見，故鳴。班，別也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>齊師其遁。」</p>
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<p>又《昭四年傳》曰：魯使椒舉如晉，求諸侯，晉侯欲勿許，司馬侯曰：「不可。」公曰：「晉有三不殆，其何敵之有？國險而多馬、齊楚多難，有是三者，何鄉而不濟？」對曰：「恃險與馬而虞鄰國之難，是三殆也。四岳、三途、陽城、太室、荊山、中南，九州之險也，是不一姓；冀之北土，馬之所生，無興國焉。恃險與馬，不可以為固也。」</p>
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<p>又《宣上》曰：宋人以文馬百駟以贖華元於鄭，半入，華元逃歸。</p>
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<p>又《昭七年》曰：衛侯來獻，其乘馬曰啟服，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>啟服，馬名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>壍而死。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>墮壍死也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>公將為之櫝，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>為作棺也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>子家曰：「贛者病矣，請以食之。」乃以帷裹之。</p>
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<p>又《定三年》曰：唐成公如楚，有兩肅爽馬。子常欲之，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>成公，唐惠侯之后。肅爽，駿馬名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>弗與，三年止之。唐人或相與謀，請代，先從者，許之。飲先從者酒，醉之，竊馬而獻之子常。子常歸唐侯，自拘於司敗，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>竊馬者自拘。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰：「君以弄馬之故，隱君身，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>隱，憂約也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>棄國家。群臣請相夫人以償馬，必如之。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>相，助也。夫人，養馬者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>唐侯曰：「寡人之過也，二三子無辱。」皆賞之。</p>
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<p>又《定下》曰：衛公子地有白馬四，公嬖向魋，向魋欲之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>向魋，司馬桓魋。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>公取而朱其尾、鬣以與之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>與桓魋也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>地怒，使其徒扶魋而奪之。魋懼將走，公閉門而泣之，目盡腫。</p>
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<p>《穀梁傳·僖公》曰：晉獻公將伐虢，荀息請以屈產之乘，垂棘之璧假道於虞，公曰：「此晉寶也。」荀息曰：「是取中府藏外府，取中廄藏外廄也。」后舉虞，荀息牽馬操璧而前曰：「璧猶是，馬齒長矣。」</p>
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<p about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion">《周禮·夏官下》曰：校人，掌脫許之政，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>政謂差擇養乘之數也。《月令》曰：班馬政。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>辨六馬之屬。種馬一物，戎馬一物，齊馬一物，道馬一物，田馬一物，駑馬一物。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>種，謂上善似母者。以次差之。玉路駕種馬，戎路駕戎馬，金路駕齊馬，象路駕道馬，田路駕田馬。駕馬，給宮中之役。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>天子有十二閑，馬六種；邦國六閑，馬四種；家四閑，馬二種。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>降殺之差，每廄為一閑。諸侯有齊馬、道馬、田馬，大夫有閑馬，各一閑。其駕馬，則皆分為三焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡馬，特居四之一。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>欲其乘之性相似也。物同氣則心一。鄭司農云：四之一者，三牝一牡。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>春祭馬祖，執駒；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬祖，天駟也。《孝經說》云：房為龍馬。鄭司農云：執駒，無令近母，猶攻駒也。二歲曰駒，三歲曰<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>兆。玄謂：執𪚓拘也。</small></p><span about="#mwt81">
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</span><p about="#mwt81"><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)">春，通淫之時，駒弱，血氣未定，為其乘正傷也。夏祭先牧，頒馬攻持；先牧，始養馬者，其人未聞。夏通淫之后，攻其特，為其蹄齧不可乘用。鄭司農云：攻特，謂<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>乘之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秋祭馬社，臧仆；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬社，始乘馬者。《世本·作》曰：相士作乘馬。鄭司農云：臧仆，謂簡練馭者，令皆善也。玄謂：仆，馭五路之仆。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>冬祭馬步，獻馬，講馭夫。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬步，神為災害馬者。獻馬，見成馬於王也。馭夫，馭貳車、從車、使車者也。講猶簡習。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡大祭祠、朝覲、會同，毛馬而頒之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>毛馬，齊其色也。頒，授，當乘之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>飾幣馬，執朴而從之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭司農云：校人，主飾之也。幣馬，以馬遺人，當幣處者也。《聘禮》曰：馬則北面，奠幣於其前。《士喪禮》下篇曰：薦馬纓三就、入門北面交轡，圉人夾牽之，馭者執策立於馬后。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡賓客，受蒲耙馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>賓客植狄馬，來朝聘而享王者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>大喪，飾遣車之馬，及葬，埋之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言埋之，則是馬途車之芻靈。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>田獵，則帥驅逆之車。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>帥猶將也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡將事於四海山川，則飾黃駒。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>四海，猶四方也。王巡守過大山川，則有殺駒以祈沉禮，與玉人職有宗祠以黃金勺前馬之禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡國之使者，共蒲耙馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>使者所用私睹。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡軍事，物馬而頒之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>物馬，齊其力。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《夏官下》曰；趣馬，掌賛正良馬，而齊其飲食，簡其六節。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt92" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>賛，佐也。佐正者，謂校人、臧僕、講馭夫之時。簡，差也。節猶量也。差擇王馬以為六等。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>掌駕說之頒。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt93" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>用馬之第次。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>辨四時之居治，以聽馭夫。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>居謂牧庌所處，治謂執駒攻轉之屬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>巫馬，掌養疾馬而乘治之，相醫而藥攻馬疾，受財于校人。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt95" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>乘，謂驅步以發其疾。知所疾處，乃治之。相，助也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>馬死，則使其賈粥之，入其布于校人。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt96" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>布，泉也。鄭司農云：賈，謂其屬官小吏。賈二人。粥，賣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：庾人，掌十有二閑之政。教以阜馬、佚特，教駣、攻駒，及祭馬祖、祭閑之先牧，及執駒，散馬耳，圉馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt97" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>九者皆有政教焉。阜，盛牡也。《詩》云：四牡孔阜。杜子春云：佚，當為逸。鄭司農云：馬三歲曰駣，二歲曰駒。散，讀為中散大夫之散，謂聒馬耳，毋令善驚也。玄謂：逸者，用之不散，甚勞，安其血氣也。教駣，始乘習之也。攻駒，騬其蹄齧者。閑之先牧，先牧制閑者。散馬耳，以竹括<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>其耳，頭動搖則括，中物後遂串習，不復驚。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>正校人員選。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt98" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>校人，謂師圉也。正員選者，選擇可備員者平之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>馬八尺以上為龍，七尺以上為騋，六尺以上為馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt99" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>大小異名。《爾雅》曰：騋牝，驪牝；玄駒，褭驂。鄭司農說以《月令》曰：駕蒼龍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：圉師，掌教圉人養馬。春除蓐，釁廄，始牧；夏庌馬；冬獻馬。射則充椹質。茨牆則翦闔。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt100" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蓐，馬玆也。馬既出而除之新釁焉，神之也。《春秋傳》曰：凡馬，日中而出，日中而入。故字庌為訝。鄭司農云：當為庌。玄渭：庌，廡也。廡，所以庇馬涼也。充猶居也。茨，蓋也。闔，苫也。椹，質。翦闔，圉人所習也。杜子春讀椹為齊人言欽椹之椹。椹，質，所射者習射處。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>圉人，掌養馬芻牧之事，以役圉師。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt101" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>役者，圉師使令焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡賓客、喪紀，牽馬而入陳。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt102" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>賓客之馬，王所以賜之者。《詩》云：雖無予之，路車乘馬。喪紀之馬，啟後所薦焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>廞馬亦如之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt103" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>廞馬，遣車之馬，人捧之，亦牽而入陳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《夏官上》曰：馬質，掌質馬。馬量三物，一曰戎馬，二曰田馬，三曰駑馬，皆有物賈。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt104" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>此三馬，買以給官咐戤使，無種也。鄭司農曰：皆有物賈，皆有物色及賈直。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>綱惡馬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt105" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭司農云：綱，讀為以亢其讎之亢。書亦或為亢。亢，御也，禁也。禁去惡馬不畜也。玄謂：綱，以縻索維綱狎習之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>凡受馬於有司者，書以齒毛，與其賈。馬死則牙戤內更，更牙戤外，入馬耳。以其物更其外否。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt106" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭司農云：更謂償也。玄謂：牙戤內死者，償以齒毛與賈，受之日淺，養之惡也；牙戤外死，入馬耳，償以毛色，不以齒賈任之，過其任也。其外否，牙戤外逾二十日而死，不任用，非用者罪。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>馬及行，則以任齊其行。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt107" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>識其所載輕重及道里，齊其勞逸，乃復用之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>若有馬訟，則聽之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt108" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>訟謂賣買之言相負。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>禁原蠶者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt109" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>原，再也。天文，辰為馬；蠶書，蠶為龍精。月直大火，則浴其種。是蠶與馬同氣。物莫能兩大，禁再蠶者，為傷馬與？<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《論語》曰：齊景公有馬千駟，死之日，民無德而稱焉。</p>
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<p>又《憲問》曰：驥不稱其力，稱其德也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt110" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>驥，古之善馬也。德，謂在五御之威儀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《周書》曰：其西，天子車，立馬，乘六青馬，陰羽鳧旌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt111" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鳧羽為旌旄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>周掛叢主東，青馬黑鬣，謂之母兒。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt112" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周公主東，則太公主西也。東青馬，則西白矣。馬名未聞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：義渠以玆白。玆白者，白馬倨齒，食虎豹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt113" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>義渠，西戎。玆白，一名駿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《韓詩外傳》曰：昔者田子方出，見老馬於道，喟然有志，問於御者曰：「此何馬也？」御者曰：「公家畜也。罷而不為用，故出放之。」田子方曰：「少盡其力，老棄其身，仁者不為也。」束帛而贖之。窮士聞之，知所歸心焉。</p>
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<p>《尚書大傳》曰：散宜生之犬戎氏取美馬。驄身朱髦雞目者，取九六焉，陳於紂之庭。紂出見之，還而觀之，曰：「此何人也？」散宜生遂趨而進曰：「吾西蕃之臣昌之使者。」</p>
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<p>《太公六韜》曰：商王拘周伯昌於羑里。太公與散宜生金十鎰，求天下珍物，以免君之罪。於是得犬戎氏文馬，毫毛朱鬣，目如黃金，項如雞尾，名雞斯之乘，以獻商王。</p>
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<p>《禮斗威儀》曰：君乘火而王，其政頌平，南海輸駮馬。</p>
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<p>《春秋考異郵》曰：陰合於八，八合陽九，八九七十二，二為地，地主月，月精為馬。月數十二，故馬十二月而生。人乘以理天下，王者駕馬，故其字以為王馬。</p>
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<p>《春秋說題辭》曰：地精為馬，十二月而生，應陰紀陽以合功。故人駕馬，任重致遠利天下。月度疾，故馬善走。</p>
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<p>《淮南子》曰：八九七十二，耦以乘奇，奇主辰，辰主月，月主馬，馬十二月而生。</p>
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<p>《孝經援神契》曰：德至山林，則澤出神馬。</p>
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<p>《龍魚河圖》曰：白馬玄頭，食之殺人。下病食馬肉，亦殺人。尾馛賣馬錢娶婦。</p>
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<p>《洞林》曰：殷鴻業來作卦，身在申，本命酉，乘馬南行西北謅，逕趨木家化為狗，賴子救之不成咎。鴻業丁酉生。后八月中，有急事，借馬南出行數里，馬倏驚。更西北謅，向戍地，入李家，遂落地，馬因齧之。主人出救，得免不見傷也。</p>
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<p>《尚書中候》曰：堯沉甑於河，龍馬銜甲，赤文綠色，臨壇吐甲圖。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt114" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄭玄注曰：龍象馬也，赤文而綠色。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《廣雅》曰；飛兔、飛鴻、野麋、娥鹿、騶吾、走狐、桃𩧋<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt115" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音黎<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>金喙，馬屬也。</p>
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<p>《方言》曰：馬食橐，關西曰掩囊<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt116" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>掩，音<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，或曰掩兜，或曰樓兜。</p>
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<p>《字林》曰：驫<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt117" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>方問切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，眾馬走也。𩥇<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt118" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>知扇切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，馬卧土中也。䩥<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt119" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音但<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>，馬帶也。鞚，馬勒也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt120" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鞚，口貢切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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</section></body></html>
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