176 lines
30 KiB
HTML
176 lines
30 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷九百四十四</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt1">
|
||
</span><table class="ws-header" style="border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;" about="#mwt1">
|
||
<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c945_tai_ping_yu_lan_0943.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0943">鱗介部十五</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
|
||
<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷九百四十四.蟲豸部一</td>
|
||
<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c947_tai_ping_yu_lan_0945.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0945">蟲豸部二</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table><table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)" class="ws-header" about="#mwt1">
|
||
<tbody><tr>
|
||
<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n10003" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Template:Textinfo" title="Template:Textinfo"><img alt="Documentation for the TextInfo template." resource="./File:Information_icon.svg" src="images/c1007_Information_icon.svg_20px_Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Information_icon.svg-20px-Information_icon.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Talk:太平御覽/0944" title="Talk:太平御覽/0944">版本<span typeof="mw:LanguageVariant" data-mw-variant="{"twoway":[{"l":"zh-hant","t":"資訊"},{"l":"zh-hans","t":"信息"}]}"/></a></li><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85610397" title="d:Q85610397" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
|
||
<table style="font-size:0.9em; text-align:left; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); float:right;color: inherit;">
|
||
<tbody><tr><td style="color: #999999;"/></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="chong"><span id="id-.E8.9F.B2" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>蟲</h2>
|
||
<p>《爾雅》曰:有足謂之蟲,無足謂之豸。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《周禮·冬官·梓人》曰:外骨、內骨,卻行、仄行,連行、紆行,以脰鳴者、以注鳴者、以旁鳴者、以翼鳴者、以股鳴者、以胸鳴者,謂之小蟲之屬。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>外骨,龜屬。內骨,鱉屬。蟥行,蟥衍之屬。仄行,蟹屬。連行,魚屬。紆行,蛇屬。脰鳴,蛙屬。注鳴,精列屬。旁鳴,蜩霓屬。翼鳴,發皇屬。股鳴,蚣蝑動股屬。胸鳴,榮原屬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《大戴禮》曰:毛蟲之精者曰麟,羽蟲之精者曰鳳,介蟲之精者曰龜,鱗蟲之精者曰龍,裸蟲之精者曰聖人。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《禮記·月令》曰:孟春之月,蟄蟲始振。仲春之月,蟄蟲咸動。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>啟戶始出。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>仲秋之月,蟄蟲壞戶。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>壞,益也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>季秋之月,蟄蟲咸俯。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>在內皆墐其戶。墐謂途閉之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《春秋考異郵》:二九十八,主風精為蟲,八日而化,風列波激。故其名從蟲,蟲之為言屈申也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《東觀漢記》曰:<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:需要指定公元的紀年" title="Category:需要指定公元的紀年" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="請指定為“510年”或“60年”或“913年”">永平三年</span></a>春,有司奏立長秋宮以率八妾,上未有所言,皇太后曰:「馬貴人德冠後宮。」遂登至尊。先之數日,夢有小飛蟲萬數,隨著身入皮膚中,復飛去。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《魏書·華佗傳》曰:廣陵太守陳玄龍得疾,所苦胸中煩滿,面赤,不能飯。持其脈,曰:「府君胃蟲有數升,欲成內蝕病,食腥物所為也。今可去也。」即作湯二升,先飲一升,須臾復一升,食頃,吐出數升蟲,長一二寸,赤頭,皆搖半軀,皆是生魚膾也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《趙書》曰:前石時,淳觚白羌婦產卵,大如盂。剖之,有蟲如靜<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>,二足立行。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《異苑》同。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>蕭子顯《齊書》曰:王敬則少時於草中射獵,有蟲如烏豆,集其身,擲去乃脫,脫處皆流血。敬則惡之,詣道士卜曰:「不須憂,此侯之瑞也。」敬則聞之喜,故出都自效。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《後魏書》曰:蠕蠕,東胡之苗裔也。木骨閭死,子車庶會自號柔然,役屬於魏,世祖以其無知,狀類於蟲,故改其號為「蠕蠕。」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《隋書》曰:田式拜襄州總管,專以立威為務。所愛奴常詣式白事,有蟲上其衣衿上,揮袖拂去之,式以為慢已,立棒殺之。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《莊子》曰:井蛙不可以語於海者,拘於虛也;夏蟲不可以語於冰者,篤於時也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《魯獵縈》曰:百足之蟲,斷而不蹶,持擲賁也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《淮南子》曰:凡有血氣之蟲,含牙戴角,前爪後距;有角者觸,有齒者噬,有毒者ン,有蹄者<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>;喜而相戲,怒而相害:天之性也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:故草食之獸不疾易藪,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>疾,患。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>水居之蟲不疾易水,行小變而不失常。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>小變,易水易草也。草食,故食草;十居,故死晷。故曰不疾失其常也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:太陰所在,蟄蟲首穴處;鹊巢以鄉為戶。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:水食者善游能寒,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>魚鱉之屬是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>土食者無心不惠。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蚯蚓之屬是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:介蟲之動以固,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>介,甲,龜鱉之屬。動,行也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>貞蟲之動以毒螫。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>貞蟲,細腰蜂。蟲,蜾嬴之屬。無牝牡之合曰貞,而有毒,故能螫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:山有猛獸,林木為之不斬;園有螫蟲,藜藿為之不彩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言人畏也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《抱朴子》曰:毒粥陳則旁有爛腸之鼠,明膏舉則下有聚死之蟲。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:慕惡者猶宵蟲之赴明燭,學惡者猶輕埃之應飄風也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《孫卿子》曰:肉腐出蟲,魚枯生蠹。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《論衡·適蟲篇》曰:變復之家,謂蟲食穀者,吏貪狼所致也。蟲頭赤者武官,黑者文吏。案:蟲頭赤身白,頭黑身黃,復應何官耶?今蟲食五穀則為災,桂蠹桑蠍不怪,何也?桂中藥,桑給蠶,何可不怪?書卷不舒,衣襞不懸,皆生蟲也,此復關何吏耶?</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:司南之杓投於地,蒲苞南指;魚肉之蟲,集地北行,自然之性也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《世本》曰:廩君乘土舡至鹽場,鹽水神女子止廩君,廩君不聽。鹽神為飛蟲,諸神從而飛蔽,日為之晦。廩君不知東西,所向七日七夜,使人以青縷遺鹽神曰:「佣菟,與爾俱生。」鹽神受縷而纓之,廩君應青縷所射,鹽神死,天則大開。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>崔豹《古今注》曰:光武<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:需要指定公元的紀年" title="Category:需要指定公元的紀年" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="請指定為“30年”或“340年”">建武六年</span></a>,山陽有小蟲,皆類人形,甚眾。明日,皆懸樹枝而死。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《搜神記》曰:東陽劉寵北徵,將炊飯,盡變為蟲。又家人蒸炒,亦化為蟲,火愈猛而蟲愈壯。寵遂見誅。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>仲興書又載。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《廣五行記》曰:漢武帝幸甘泉宮,馳道中有蟲,赤色頭,目鼻盡具。觀者莫識,帝使東方朔視之,對曰:「杆秦時拘系無辜,眾庶愁死,咸仰首嘆曰怪哉,故明逯哉。此必秦之獄處。」朔又曰:「凡憂者得酒而解,以酒沃之當消。」於是取蟲致酒中,須臾糜散。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>桓譚《新論》曰:睢陵有董仲君,好方道。常坐重罪繫獄,佯病死,數日毀蟲出而復活。</p>
|
||
|
||
</section><section data-mw-section-id="2"><h2 id="chan"><span id="id-.E8.9F.AC" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>蟬</h2>
|
||
<p>《易通卦驗》曰:《遘》上九,候蟬始鳴。不鳴,國多妖言。蟬應期鳴,言語之像。今失節不鳴,鳴則失時,故多妖言。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《毛詩·蕩之什》曰:咨汝殷商,如蜩如螗。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>注:蜩,蟬也;螗,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《毛詩義疏》曰:鳴蜩,蟬也。宋、衛謂之唐蜩,陳、鄭云螂,海岱之間謂之蟬,通語也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《禮記·月令》曰:仲夏之月,蜩始鳴。季秋之月,寒蟬鳴。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又《檀弓》曰:范則冠,而蟬有緌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蟬,蜩也。緌謂蜩喙,長在腹下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《爾雅》曰:蜩、蜋蜩,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《夏小正》曰:蜋蜩者,五彩具。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>螗蜩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《夏小正》曰:螗蜩者,蟈,俗呼為胡蜩,江南謂之螗{虫弟},音荑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蚻,蜻蜻。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>如蟬而小。《方言》云:有文者謂之螓。《夏小正》曰:鳴蚻虎懸。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>{截上虫虫下},茅蜩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江東呼為茅截,似蟬而小,青色。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蝒,馬蜩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蜩中最大者為馬蟬。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蜺,寒蜩。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>寒螿也,似蟬而小,青赤。《月令》曰:寒蟬鳴,蝒,音綿。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《孝經援神契》曰:蟬無力,故不食。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《周書》曰:夏至又五日,蜩始鳴;不鳴,貴臣放逸。立秋之日,寒蜩鳴;不鳴,人臣不力爭。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《梁書》曰:朱異為通事舍人,後除中書郎。時秋日始拜,有飛蟬正集異武冠上,時咸謂蟬珥之兆。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:何戢為吳興太守,頗好畫扇。宋孝武賜戢蟬雀扇,善畫者顧景秀所畫。時吳郡陸探微、顧寶先皆能畫,嘆其巧絕。戢因王晏獻之,上令晏厚酬其意。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《後周書》曰:宣帝汰侈,即自比上帝,不欲令人同已。嘗自帶綬及通天冠,加金附蟬。顧見侍臣武弁有金蟬及王公有綬者,并令去之。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《莊子》曰:仲尼適楚,出遊林中,見佝僂者承蜩,猶掇之也。仲尼曰:「巧乎!有道耶?」曰:「我有道也。五六月累丸二而不隊,則失者錙銖;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>累二丸於竿頭,是用手足亭寧也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>累三而不墜,則失者十一;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>所失愈少也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>累五而不隊,猶掇之也。吾處身也,若厥株拘;吾執臂也,若槁木擲軎。雖天地之大,萬物之多,而惟蜩翼擲戟。吾不反不側,不以萬物易蜩之翼,何為不得?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>遺彼,故得此也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:鵬之飛,其翼若垂天之云。摶扶搖而上者九萬里,去以六月一息者也。蜩與學鳩鶯之曰:「我決處而飛,搶榆枋而止,時則不至,而控於地而已,奚以九萬里而圖南為也?」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《孫卿子》曰:曜蟬者務明其火,振其樹;若火不明,雖振樹無益。人有明德,則天下歸之,若蟬歸明火也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>又見《呂氏春秋》。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《淮南子》曰:孟秋,涼風至,白露降,寒蟬鳴。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>寒蟬,青蟬也。蟲,陰類,感氣鳴也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:蛇不足而行,魚無耳而聽,蟬無口而鳴,有然之者也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>然,如是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:蠶食而不飲,二十二日而化蟬;飲而不食,三十日而蛻。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《說苑》曰:吳王欲伐荊,告其左右曰:「敢有諫者死!」舍人有少孺子者,欲諫不敢,則懷丸操彈於後園,露沾其衣,如是者三旦。吳王曰:「子來,何苦沾衣如此?」對曰:「園中有樹,其上有蟬,蟬高居悲鳴飲露,不知螳螂在其後也。螳螂委身曲附欲取蟬,而不知黃雀在其旁也。黃雀延頸欲啄螳螂,而不知彈丸在其下也。此三者,皆務欲得其前利,而不顧其後之有患也。」吳王曰:「善哉!」乃罷其兵。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《論衡》曰:王充<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:需要指定公元的紀年" title="Category:需要指定公元的紀年" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="請指定為“1336年”或“27年”或“337年”或“496年”">建武三年</span></a>生,為小兒不狎人儕倫,不掩雀炊蟬。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《鹽鐵論》曰:以所不睹不信人,若蟬之不知雪。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>揚雄《方言》曰:蟬,楚謂之蜩,宋衛之間謂之螗蜩,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江南呼為螗蛦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>陳鄭之間謂之螂蜩,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蜋音良。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>秦晉之間謂之蟬,海岱之間謂之{虫奇}。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>齊人呼為巨{虫奇},音枝。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其大者謂之蟧,或謂之蝒<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音綿。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>馬<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>案,《尓雅》蝒者,馬蜩,非別名蝒馬也,此方言誤耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其小者謂之陵{札虫},<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>如蟬而小,青色,今關西呼為陵{截蟲}也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>有文者謂之蜻蜻,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《尓雅》云:蜻,即夌{札虫}也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>其雌謂之疋<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>必一切<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>,大而黑者謂之踐<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>音棧<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>,黑而赤者謂之蜺<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>雲霓<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>蜩。蟧謂之芽蜩,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江東呼為茅{截虫}。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>{虫應}謂之寒蜩。寒蜩,闇蜩也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>案,《尓雅》以蜺為寒蜩,《月令》亦曰寒蟬鳴,則寒蟬非瘖者。此諸蟬名通出《尓雅》,而多駮錯,未可詳據也。寒蟬,寒螿也,似蟬而小。{虫應},音應。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>崔豹《古今注》曰:牛亨問董仲舒曰:「蟬為齊女,何?」荅曰:「昔齊王后怨王而死,尸變為蟬,登庭樹嘒唳而鳴,王悔恨之,故曰齊女。」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:貂蟬,胡服也。貂者,取其有文而不煥,外柔而易,內剛而勁也;蟬者,取其清虛而識時變也,在位者有文而不自耀,有武而不示人,清虛自收,識時而動也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>曹大家《蟬賦》曰:吸清露於丹園,抗喬枝而理翮。崇皇朝之輝光,映豹豹而灼灼。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>陸雲《寒蟬賦》曰:昔人稱雞有五德而作賦焉,至於寒蟬,才齊其美,獨未之思而莫斯述。夫頭上有幘,則其文也;含氣飲露,則其清也;黍稷不享,則其廉也,處不巢居,則其儉也;應候守常,則其信也;加以冠冕,則其容也。君子則其操,可以事君,可以立身,豈非至德之蟲哉?且攀木寒鳴,貧士所嘆。余昔僑處,竊有感焉。公侯常伯,乃身紆紫黻,手執龍淵;俯鳴珮玉,仰撫貂蟬;飾黃盧之多士,光帝皇之侍人。騰儀像於雲闥,望景曜於通天。邁休聲之五德,豈鳴雞之獨珍?</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>傅玄《蟬賦》曰:美滋蟬之純潔,稟陰陽之微靈。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>傅咸《粘蟬賦》曰:櫻桃,其為樹則多蔭,其為果則先熟。故種之於廳所之前,時以盛暑逍遙其下。有蟬鳴,仰而見之,故命粘取,以弄小兒。退惟當蟬之得意於斯樹,而不虞粘之將至,亦猶人之得意於富貴,而不虞禍之剿憒也。</p>
|
||
|
||
</section><section data-mw-section-id="3"><h2 id="ying"><span id="id-.E8.A0.85" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>蠅</h2>
|
||
<p>《韓詩》曰:《雞鳴》讒人也。匪雞則鳴,蒼蠅之聲。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>薛君曰:雞遠鳴,蠅聲相似也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《毛詩·甫田》曰:《青蠅》,大夫刺幽王也。營營青蠅,止於樊;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蠅之為蟲,污白使黑,污黑使白,喻佞人變亂善惡也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>豈弟君子,無信讒言。營營青蠅,止於棘;讒人罔極,交亂四國。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰:成帝建始玄年六月,青蠅萬數集未央宮殿中朝者坐。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>服虔曰:公卿以下朝會坐也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>又曰:昌邑王賀夢青蠅矢積西階,可五六石,以屋版瓦復。發視之,青蠅矢也。以問龔遂,遂曰:「陛下之側讒人眾多,願皆放逐之。」賀不用其言,卒至於廢也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《東觀漢記》曰:光武與隗囂書曰:「蒼蠅之飛,不過三數步。托軺之尾,得以絕群。」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《後漢書》曰:楊章為杜喬、李固荐為平原令。後喬、固被刑,章行赴洛陽,見喬、固暴尸,坐其旁驅逐蠅蟲。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《魏略》曰:王思,正始中為大司農。性急,常執筆作書,蠅集筆端,驅去復來,如是再三。思怒,自趁逐蠅不能得,還取筆擲地,踏壞之。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>張勃《吳錄》曰:曹不興,帝使畫屏風,筆落素,便點為蠅。帝疑生,乃彈之。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《前秦書》曰:符堅欲赦。與王猛、符融議甘露堂,悉屏左右。堅親為赦文。有大蒼蠅集於筆端,驅而復來。俄而長安街巷人相告曰:「官今大赦。」有司以聞,堅驚曰:「禁中無屬耳之垣,事何從泄也?」敕窮之,咸言有一小兒衣青衣,大呼於市曰:「官今大赦!」須臾不見。堅嘆曰:「其向蒼蠅乎?」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《梁書》曰:昭明太子食中頻得蠅蟲之類,密置槃邊,恐廚人獲罪,不令人知見。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《北史》曰:庫狄伏連居室患蠅,杖門者曰:「何故聽入!」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《唐書》曰:武儒衡為中書舍人,玄稹知制誥。儒衡一日因會食公堂,有蠅集瓜上。因發怒,命擊去之,曰:「適從何所夾而遽集此!」</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《淮南子》曰:夫江河之腐胔,不可勝數也,然祭者汲焉,大也;一杯酒,蠅漬其中,匹夫弗甞,小也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《韓子》曰:以火去蛾,蛾愈多;以魚驅蠅,蠅愈至。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《呂氏春秋》曰:以狸致鼠,以冰致蠅。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>揚子《法言》曰:或問蒼蠅紅紫。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蒼蠅間乎白黑,紅紫似朱而非朱也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《論衡》曰:清受塵,白受垢。青蠅所污,常在練素。邑犬群吠,吠所怪也。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《虞翻別傳》曰:翻放棄南方,自恨疏節,骨體不媚,犯上獲罪,當長沒海隅,生無可與語,死以青蠅為弔客,天下一人知己者,足以不恨。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>崔豹《古今注》曰:蠅虎,蠅狐也。形似蜘蛛而色灰白,善捕蠅。一名蠅皇,一名蠅豹。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>揚雄《方言》曰:蠅,東齊謂之羊,陳楚之間謂之蠅,自關而西,秦晉之間謂之蠅。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>《廣五行記》曰:魏吏部尚書何晏,常夢青蠅數十頭來自鼻上,驅之不肯去。以問管輅,輅曰:「鼻者,天中。今有青蠅臰惡而來集之,位峻者顛,輕豪者亡,不可不思之。」至明年,何晏及鄧颺皆伏誅。</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<br/></p>
|
||
</section></body></html>
|