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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n3118" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85596387" title="d:Q85596387" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="tai_zi_yi__bing_shi_zi_jian_"><span id="id-.E5.A4.AA.E5.AD.90.E4.B8.80.E3.80.88.E5.B9.B7.E4.B8.96.E5.AD.90.E8.A6.8B.E3.80.89" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>太子一<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt4" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幷世子見<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></h2>
<p>《周易·離卦》曰:黃離,元吉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>離南方之卦,離爲火土記位焉。土色黃,火之子,喻子有明德,能附麗于其父之道,文王太子發是也。慎成其業,故吉矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>《象》曰:明兩作,離。大人以繼明照于四方。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>王肅曰:兩離相續,繼明之義也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周易·鼎卦》曰:初六:鼎顛趾,利出否。得妾以其子,無咎。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄曰:顛,踣也。趾,足也。無事曰趾,設陳曰足。爻體選爲服,初爻在服之下,足象也。足所以承正鼎也。初,陰爻而柔,與乾同體,以否正承乾,乾爲君,以喻君夫人事君,若失正禮,踣其爲足之道情無怨則當以和義出之,然如否者,嫁于天子,雖失禮,無出道遠之而已,遠之,子廢坤爲順,又爲子母牛,在后妃之旁側,妾之例也。有順德子必賢,賢而立以爲世子,又何咎也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周易·震卦》曰:震驚百里,不喪匕鬯。《彖》曰:震驚百里,驚遠而懼邇也。出可以守宗廟社稷,以爲祭主。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>王肅曰:在有靈而尊者莫若于天,有靈而貴者莫若于王,有聲而威者莫若于雷,有政而嚴者莫若于侯,是以天子當乾,諸侯用震地不過一同雷不過百里,政行百里則匕鬯,亦不喪祭祀,國家大事不喪,宗廟安矣。處則諸侯執其政,出則長子掌其祀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周易·說卦》曰震一索而得男,故謂之長男。</p>
<p>又曰:震爲長子。</p>
<p>《易經》曰:震下乾上,無妄,天精起。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄注曰:起,猶立也。乾爲天文,震爲長子,聖人立爲天子,天下之民,各得其所也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:主器者莫若長子,故受之以震。</p>
<p>《尚書大傳》曰:惟四月,太子發上祭于畢下,至于盟津之上,乃告于司馬、司徒、司空諸節:「亢才!予無知,以先祖先父之有德之臣,左右小子,予受先公,戮力賞罰,以定厥功,明于先祖之遺。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄注曰:四月者,周四月也。發,周武王也。卒父業故稱太子。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>太子發升于舟,中流,白魚入于舟,王跪取出俟以燎,群公咸曰休哉。</p>
<p>《尚書中侯》曰:廢考,立發爲太子。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄曰:定王業也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:我終之後,恒稱太子。終;卒。恒,常也。稱太子者,明非諸侯,王事未定也。</p>
<p>又曰:太子發以紂存三仁,附即父位,不稱王。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>發武王名也。三仁,箕子、比干、微子。文王得赤雀丹書,故號以應天道,未成而崩。武王以天誅未行,謙不自成,故稱太子,發若父業有不成者而將軍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:予稱太子發,明慎父以名卒考。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>予,我也。父死曰考。文王命武王,我終之後,恒稱太子者,明慎文王之命也。君存稱世子,薨稱太子,既葬稱子,逾年稱公,今逾年而稱太子,發若父業有不成者而將軍。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周書》曰:文王受命九年,時維暮春,在高阝,召太子發曰:「嗚呼!吾語汝所保所守之哉。厚德廣惠,忠信志愛,人君之行。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>四者君德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不爲驕侈,不爲太靡,不淫于美,括柱茅茨,爲民愛費。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言務儉也,因就木枚曰括也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《春秋演孔圖》曰:聖人在後,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>文王子也,故曰在後,嗣文王矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>曰望陽;苞懷至德,據少陽。</p>
<p>賈誼《書》曰:文王使太公望傅太子發,嗜鮑魚而太公弗與,曰:「禮,鮑魚不登于俎。豈有非禮而可養太子哉!」</p>
<p>《帝王世紀》曰:武王納太公之女曰邑妾,修教于內,生太子誦。</p>
<p>《尚書·顧命》曰:爾尚明時朕言,用敬何元子釗,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>時,是也。元子釗,康王名也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>弘濟于艱難。</p>
<p>《穆天子傳》曰:成姬之喪,刑侯、曹侯來吊,內史將之以見天子,天子告不豫而辭焉。刑侯、曹侯乃吊太子,太子哭,出廟門以送刑侯,再拜勞之,侯不答拜。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謙,不與太子亢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周書》曰:晋平公使叔譽于周,見太子晋,與之言<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>叔譽,叔向<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>,五稱而三窮,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>五稱,說五事遂終矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>逡巡而退,其言不遂。歸,告公曰:「太子晋行年十五,而臣不能與言。」師曠見太子,先稱曰:「吾聞太子之語高于太山,願一言。」王子應之曰:「吾聞太師將來,吾心甚喜。既見子,喜而又懼,吾聞女知人年長短吉凶也。」曠對曰:「女聲清,女色赤火色,不壽。」太子曰:「然,却後三年,吾將上賓于帝所,女慎毋言,殃將及女。」師曠歸,未及三年,告死者至也。</p>
<p>《春秋傳》曰:靈王二十一年,穀洛鬥,將毀王宮,王欲壅之,太子晋諫曰:「不可。晋聞古之長民者不隳山,不崇藪,不防川,不竇澤。」</p>
<p>《列仙傳》:王子喬,周靈王太子晋也。好吹笙作鳳凰鳴,游伊洛間,有道士浮丘伯引上嵩山,仙去。</p>
<p>《尚書大傳》曰:堯爲天子,朱爲太子,舜爲左右。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭注曰:左右,助也。若周之冢宰典國事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>堯知朱之不肖,必將壞其宗廟,滅其社稷,而天下同賊之;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>肖,似也。堯受運行知天命在受。又深知朱之不似,不欲命于天誅如桀、紂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>故堯推尊舜而尚之,屬諸侯,致天下于大麓之野。</p>
<p>又曰:高宗有親喪,居廬三年,然未嘗言國事而天下無背叛之心者何也?及其爲太子之時盡以知天下人民之所好惡,是以雖不言國事也,知天下無背叛之心。</p>
<p>《家語》曰:子張問曰:「《書》雲高宗諒暗,三年不言。言乃雍,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>王肅曰:雍,權貌。書雲乃雍,雍,和也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>有諸?」孔子曰:「胡爲其不然,古者天子崩則世子委政于冢宰三年。成湯既沒,太甲聽于伊尹;武王既喪,成王聽于周公,其義一也。」</p>
<p>《尚書大傳》曰:太子年十八,曰孟侯。孟侯者,于四方諸侯來朝,迎于郊者;問其所不知也,問人民之所好惡,土地所生,美珍怪异,山川之所有無。及父在時,皆知之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄注曰:十八,向入太學,爲成人博問庶事也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:弃法律,逐功臣,殺太子,以妾爲妻,則火不炎上。</p>
<p>又曰:古之帝王者,必立太學、小學。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>禮記曰:學在公宮之左,太學在郊。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使公、卿、大夫、元士之嫡子十有三年,始入小學,見小節焉,踐小義焉。年二十,入太學,見大節焉,踐大義焉。故入小學,知父子之道,長幼之序;入太學,知君臣之儀,上下之位。小師取小學之賢者登之大學,大師取大學之賢者,登之天子,天子以爲左右。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>天子當爲太子。《禮志》曰:周公居攝,踐祚而治,亢世子法于伯禽,使之爲成王,居欲使成王之知父子、君臣、長幼之義,所以善成王也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《尚書洪范五行傳》曰:心之大星,天王也。其前星,太子也;後星,庶子也。</p>
<p>《荊州星占》曰:少微星,一名處士星,儲君、副主之宮。</p>
<p>《韓詩外傳》曰:五帝官天下,三王家天下,家以傳子,官以傳賢。故自唐虞已上,經傳無太子稱號。夏殷之王雖則傳嗣,其文略矣。至周,始見文王世子之制。</p>
<p>又曰:趙簡子太子名伯魯,小子名無恤。簡子自爲二書牘,親自表之,書曰:「節用聽聰,敬賢勿慢,使能勿賤。」與二子,使誦之。居三年,簡子坐清台之上,問二書所在?伯魯忘其表,令誦不能得。無恤出其書于袖,令誦習焉。乃黜伯魯而立無恤。</p>
<p>又曰:魏文侯封太子擊于中山,三年不往來。趙倉唐曰:「君何不遣人使大國?」太子曰:「願之久矣,未得可使者,」對曰:「臣願奉使,侯何好?」太子曰:「侯嗜晨鳧,好北犬。」于是遣倉糸<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>北犬,奉晨鳧獻之。侯曰:「擊愛我,知我所嗜好。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《說苑》又載。事具奉使部。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《說苑》曰:經侯過魏太子,左帶羽玉具劍,右帶環珮,左光照右,右光照左,太子不視。經侯曰:「魏國有寶乎?」太子曰:「主信臣忠,百姓戴上,此魏國之寶也。」</p>
<p>《毛詩》曰:《渭陽》,康公念母也。康公之母,晋獻公之女。文公遭驪姬之難,未返而秦姬卒,穆公納文公。康公時爲太子,贈送文公于渭之陽,念母之不見也。</p>
<p>《毛詩》曰:《小弁》,刺幽王也,太子之傅作焉。「弁彼鸒斯,歸飛提提;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>興也。弁,樂也。鸒,卑居。卑居,鴉鳥也。提提,群飛貌。箋雲,樂乎彳支,雅鳥出食在野,其飽群飛而歸提提然。興者,喻凡人父子、兄弟出入宮庭,相與飲食亦提提然樂,傷今太子獨不然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>民莫不穀,我獨于罹。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幽王取申女,生太子宜咎,又悅褒姒,生子伯服,立以爲後。而放宜咎,將殺之。箋云:■,養也。于,日也。罹,憂也。天下之人,無不父子相養者,我太子獨不然,日以憂也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:懷德維寧,宗子維城。無俾城壞,無獨思畏。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>懷,和也。箋云:斯,離也。和汝德,無行酷虐之政。以安汝國,是以爲宗子之城,使免于難。遂行酷虐,則禍及宗子,是謂城壞,城壞則乖離而散,汝獨居而畏矣。宗子,嫡子也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周禮》曰:惟王建國,辨方正位。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>干寶注曰:辨方謂別東西南北之名以表陰陽也。正位謂若君南面當陽,臣北面即陰,居于北宮以體太陰,居太子于東宮以位少陽之類。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:膳夫,掌王之食飲膳羞,以養王及後、世子。歲終則會,唯王及後、世子之膳不會。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不會計多少優尊者,其頒賜諸臣則計之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:凡其死生鮮槁之物,以供王之膳與其薦之物,及後、世子之膳羞。鄭司農云:鮮謂生肉,槁謂幹肉也。</p>
<p>又曰:內饔,掌王及後、世子膳羞之割烹煎和之事,選百羞、醬物、珍异以俟饋,供後及世子之膳羞。</p>
<p>又曰:籩人,爲王及後、世子共其內羞。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>于其飲食,以供房中之羞。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:醯人,供後及世子之醬齏菹。</p>
<p>又曰:外府,掌邦布之出,供王及後、世子之衣服之用。</p>
<p>又曰:國君過市,則刑人赦。夫人過市,罰一幕。世子過市,罰一弈。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>市者,人之所交利而行刑之處,君子無故不游觀焉。若游觀則惠施以爲說也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:王子諸子,國有大事,則帥國子而致于太子,惟所用之。若有甲兵之事,則授之車甲,合其卒伍,置其有司,以軍法治之,司馬弗正。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>軍法:百人爲卒,五人爲伍。弗,不也。國子屬太子,司馬雖有軍事,不賦之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡國之政事,國子存游倅,使之修德學道,春合諸學,秋合諸射,以考其藝而進退之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>游倅,未仕者。學,太學也。射,名也。王制曰:春秋教以禮樂,冬夏教以詩書。王太子群子卿大夫元士子適子,國之後選皆造焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《儀禮·聘禮》曰:遭夫人、世子之喪,君不受,使大夫受于廟,其他如遭君喪。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夫人,世子死,君爲喪主,使大夫受聘,禮不以凶接吉也。其他爲禮所降。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《大戴禮》曰:古之王者,太子生,因舉之禮,使士負之。有司參,夙興,端冕,見之南郊,見之天也。過闕則下,過廟則趨,孝子之道也。故自爲赤子,則教固以行矣。</p>
<p>又曰:太子既冠,成人,免于保傅之嚴,則有司過之史,有虧膳之宰。太子有過,史必書。史之義,不得不書過,不書過則死。過書而宰徹其膳。宰之義,不得不徹膳,不徹膳則死。于是有進善之旌,誹謗之木,敢諫之鼓。</p>
<p>《禮記》曰:大夫、士之子不敢與世子同名。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭玄注曰:避僭邪也。生則亦弗改。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:王太子、王子、群後之太子,卿、大夫、元士之嫡子。凡入學,以齒。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>皆以長幼受學,尊卑不同。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:文王之爲世子,朝于王季日三。鶏初鳴而衣服,至于寢門之外,問內竪之禦者曰:<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>內竪,小臣之屬,掌內外之通令也。如今小史值日矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>「今日安否何如?」內竪曰:「安。」文王乃喜。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>孝子恒兢兢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>及日中,又至,亦如之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>又,復。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>及暮,又至,亦如之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>暮,夕。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其有不安節,則內竪以告文王,文王色憂,行不能正履。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>節謂居處故事履蹈也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>王季復膳,然後亦復初。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>憂解。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>食上,必在視寒暖之節。食下,問所膳,命膳宰曰:「末有原。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>末猶勿也。原,再進也。勿有所再進爲失飪。臭味惡也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>應曰:「諾。」然後退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>退反其寢。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>武王師而行之,不敢有加焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>庶幾程式之帥循也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:樂正司業,父師司成,一有元良,萬國以貞,世子之謂也。</p>
<p>又曰:成王幼,不能莅阼。周公相,踐阼而治;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>踐,履也,代成王履阼階,攝王位治天下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>抗世子法于伯禽,欲令成王之知父子、君臣、長幼之道。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>抗猶舉也,謂舉世子之法,使與成王居而學之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>成王有過則撻伯禽,所以示成王世子之道。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以成王之過擊伯禽則足以感喻焉。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡學世子及學士,必時。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>四時各有宜。學士謂司徒論俊選所外于學者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>春夏學干戈,秋冬學羽<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>,皆于東序。</p>
<p>又曰:凡三王教世子,必以禮樂。樂所以修內,禮所以修外也,禮樂交錯于中,發形于外,是故其成也懌,恭敬而溫文。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中,心中也。懌,悅懌也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>立太傅、少傅以養之,欲其知父子、君臣之道也。仲尼曰:「昔者周公攝政,踐阼而治,抗世子法于伯禽,所以善成王也。聞之曰:爲人臣者,殺其身,有益于君,則爲之。况于其身以善其君乎!周公優爲之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>于讀曰迂,迂猶廣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是故知爲人子,然後可以爲人父;知爲人臣,然後可以爲人君;知事人,然後能使人。成王幼,不能莅阼,以爲世子則無爲也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以爲世子若爲世子時也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是故抗世子法于伯禽,使之與成王居,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>亦學此禮于成王側。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>欲令成王之知父子、君臣、長幼之義也。君之于世子也,親則父也。尊則君也。有父之親,有君之尊,然後兼天下而有之。是故養世子不可不慎。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>處君父之位,覽海內之士而近不能以教其子,則其餘不足觀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>行一物而三善皆得者,惟世子而已,其齒于學之謂也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>物猶事也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《世子之記》曰:朝夕至于大寢之門外,問內竪曰:「今日安否何如?」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>朝夕,朝朝暮夕也。日中又朝,文王爲世子也,非禮之制,世子之禮亡,此存其記。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>內竪曰:「今日安。」世子乃有喜色。其有不安節,則內竪以告世子,世子色憂不滿容。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>色憂,憂淺不及,文王不能正履也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>內竪言「復初」,然後亦復初。朝夕之食上,世子必在視寒暖之節。食下,問所膳羞,必知所進,以命膳宰,然後退。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>羞,必知所進,必知親所食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>若內竪言疾,則世子親齊,玄冠而養。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>親,猶自也。養疾者玄冠玄端。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>膳宰之饌,必敬視之<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>痴者之食齊,和所欲或异;<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>疾之藥,必親嘗之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>試毒味也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>嘗饌善,則世子亦能食;嘗饌寡,世子亦不能飽。以至于復初,然後亦復初也。</p>
<p>《禮記》曰:國君世子生,告于君。接以太牢,宰掌具。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>接,讀如捷,捷,勝也。謂食其母使之補虛强氣也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡接子擇吉日,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>雖三日之內,尊卑皆必選其吉日也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>冢子則太牢冢,大也。庶人特豚,士特豕,大夫少牢,國君世子太牢。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>皆謂長子。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:世子生,則君沐浴,朝服,夫人亦如之,皆立于阼階,西向。世婦抱子,升自西階。君名之,乃降。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>子升自西階,則人君見世子于露寢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>適子、庶子見于外寢。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>此適子謂世子、弟庶子、妾子也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>冢子未食而見,必執其右手。適子、庶子已食而見,必循其手。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>未食。已食,急正緩庶之義。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:世子佩瑜玉而綦組綬</p>
<p>《左傳·桓公》曰:北戎伐齊,齊侯使乞師于鄭。鄭太子忽帥師救齊。六月,大敗戎師,獲其二帥大良、小良,甲首三百,以獻于齊。于是諸侯之大夫戍齊,齊人饋之餼,使魯爲其班,後鄭。鄭忽以其功也,怒,故有郎之師。公之未婚于齊也,齊侯欲以文姜妻鄭太子。太子忽辭。人問其故,太子曰:「人各有偶,齊大,非吾偶也。《詩》云:自求多福。在我而已,大國何爲?」君子曰:「善自爲謀。」及敗戎師也,齊侯又欲妻之,固辭。人問其故,太子曰:「無事于齊,吾猶不敢。今以君命奔齊之急,而受室以歸,是以師婚也。民其謂我何?」遂辭諸鄭伯。</p>
<p>又曰:九月乙卯,子同生。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>服虔注曰:桓太子莊公同。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以太子生之禮舉之,接以太牢,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>接者,子初生接見于父<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>卜士負之,士妻食之,公與文姜、宗婦命之。</p>
<p>又曰:曹太子來朝,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>曹太子,桓公子莊公射姑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>賓之上卿之禮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>曹伯有故,使其太子攝而朝。《曲禮》曰:諸侯之適子攝其君未誓于天子,則以皮帛繼,子男如諸侯之上卿禮也。上卿出入三積食三牢牽二年一享一食宴之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>饗曹太子,初獻,樂奏而嘆。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>初,獻酒如獻爵,樂奏,人上堂也。初,獻爵奏樂,太子嘆而哀嘆也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>施父曰:「曹太子其有憂乎!非嘆所也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>施父,魯大夫,古之享食,所以觀威儀,省禍福,無喪而戚,憂必及焉。曹太子臨樂而嘆,故曰其有憂乎。父將死,兆先見之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:晋侯使太子申生伐東山皋落氏,裏克諫曰:「太子奉冢祀、社稷之粢盛,以朝夕視君膳者,故曰冢子。君行則守,有守則從;從曰撫軍,守曰監國,古之制也。夫帥師,專行謀,誓軍旅,君與國政之所圖也,非太子之事。師在制命而已,禀命則不威,專命則不孝,故君之嫡嗣不可以帥師。君失其官,帥師不威,將焉用之?且臣聞皋落氏將戰,君其舍之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>舍,置,置申生,勿使將兵也。」<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>公曰:「寡人有子,未知其誰立焉?」裏克不對而退。太子帥師,公衣之偏衣,佩之金玦。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>偏衣,偏裝之衣,偏,异色,駁,不純。裝在中左右各异,故曰偏。金玦,以金爲玦。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>太子將戰,狐突諫曰:「不可。昔辛伯諗周桓公曰:內寵幷後,外寵貳政,嬖子配嫡,大都耦國,亂之本也。周公弗從,故及于難。今亂本成矣,立可必乎?孝而安民,子其圖之。與其危身以速罪也。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>速,召也,疾也。言太子不去,身必危,疾召罪。狐突知其雖本既成,而太子拘于一節,不達至孝之義。與皋落戰,雖勝而歸,猶不能免于難。而使父有悖惑殺子之罪。故《傳》曰:備衆賢之言,以遜太子之所以死也。《經》在僖公五年,晋侯殺其世子申生。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:會于首止,會王太子鄭,謀寧周也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>惠王以惠後故,將廢太子鄭而立王子帶,故齊桓帥諸侯會王太子,以定其位。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:盟會于寧母,謀鄭故也。鄭伯使太子華聽命于會,言于齊侯曰:「泄氏、孔氏、子人氏三族,實違君命。君若去之以爲成,我以鄭爲內臣,君亦無所不利焉。」齊侯將許之,管仲曰:「君以禮與信屬諸侯,而以奸終之,無乃不可乎?」子華由是得罪于鄭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭伯罪之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:初,鄭公子蘭出奔晋,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>公子蘭,鄭文公賤妾燕姞之子穆公也。鄭逐群公子,故奔晋也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>從于晋侯伐鄭,請無與圍鄭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>晋善蘭,不忘本國故也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>許之,故使待命于東。待命于鄭東也。鄭石甲父、侯宣多逆以爲太子,以求成于晋,晋人許之。</p>
<p>又曰:秦康公送公子雍于晋也,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>康公,秦穆公太子<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>,晋出也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>曰:「文公之入也無衛,故有呂、之難。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>呂甥<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>芮欲焚公,害也。」<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>乃多與之徒衛<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>衛徒兵也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>穆嬴日抱太子<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>穆嬴,襄公夫人,太子靈公。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以啼于朝,曰:「先君何罪?其嗣亦何罪?舍嫡嗣不立,而外求君,將焉置此<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>此,太子<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>?」出朝,則抱以適趙氏,頓首于宣子之門曰:「先君奉此子而屬諸子曰:此子若才,吾受子之賜;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt91" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>如子爲吾教誨,此子使之有賢才,知人君之道也,明吾受子之賜。賜猶惠。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不才,吾惟子之怨。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt92" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>才而受賜,美其教也,不才,怨子惡其教不至也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>今君雖終,言猶在耳,而弃之,若何?」宣子與諸大夫皆患穆嬴,且畏逼,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt93" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言諸大夫患穆嬴之言,以君顧命之言責己也。畏,逼迫無置靈公。一曰畏他公幹徒來相逼迫矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>乃背先蔑而立靈公,以禦秦師。</p>
<p>又曰:郕太子朱儒自安夫鍾,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>自安,猶處也。夫鍾,郕邑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>國人弗徇。十二年春,郕伯卒,郕人立君。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt95" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>立君,改立君,不周太子者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>太子以夫鍾與郕邽來奔。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt96" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>郕邽,亦邑名也。一曰郕邦之寶圭。太子父在而自安于夫鐘,國人以爲不順,故郕伯卒而更立君。太子以其國寶與地夫鐘來奔也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:齊高厚相太子光,以先會諸侯于鍾離,不敬。士莊伯曰:「高厚相太子會諸侯,將社稷是衛,而皆不敬,弃社稷也,其將不免乎!」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt97" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>免,脫也。言將不脫罪禍,不以壽終也。《傳》舉此者,爲十九年,齊殺其大夫高厚。二十五年,崔杼弑君,光起本也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:齊侯娶于魯,曰顔懿姬,無子。其侄鬷聲姬,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt98" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>兄子曰侄,懿姬所從也。顔鬷皆其母姓,懿聲謚也。傳家從後言之,故舉謚也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>生光,以爲太子。諸子<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt99" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>諸子,妾生子氏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>仲子、戎子,子嬖<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt100" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>二子宋女。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>仲子生牙<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt101" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>公子牙也,<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>屬諸戎子。戎子請以爲太子,許之<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt102" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>齊侯許之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>仲子曰:「不可。廢常<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt103" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>立長爲常而廢之爲不祥也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不祥,間諸侯,難。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt104" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>間,犯,謂光已列于諸侯難成。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>光之立也,列于諸侯矣。今無故而廢之,是專黜諸侯也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt105" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>專,獨也。光比與諸侯列於盟,不可黜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>而以難犯不祥。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt106" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以難之事犯不善。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君必悔之。」公曰:「在我而已。」遂東太子光,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt107" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>東徙之東垂。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>使高厚傅牙,以爲太子。夙沙衛爲少傅。齊侯疾,崔杼微逆<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt108" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>微,隱匿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>光,疾病而立之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt109" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>疾,困也,而立爲太子。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
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