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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="tai_shi_ling"><span id="id-.E5.A4.AA.E5.8F.B2.E4.BB.A4" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>太史令</h2>
<p>《春秋元命苞》云︰屈中挾一而起者爲史,史之爲言紀也,天度文法以此起也。</p>
<p>《尚書·酒誥》曰︰太史友,內史友。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>太史,內史掌國典法所賓友者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《周書》曰︰維正月,王在成周,昧爽召三公右史、戎夫曰︰「今夕朕寤遂事其驚,餘乃取,遂事之,要戒申戎夫王之朔望以聞也。」</p>
<p>《禮記·曲禮下》曰︰天子建六太,曰太宰,太宗、太史、太祝、太士、太卜、典司六典。</p>
<p>又《玉藻》曰︰動則左史書之,言則右史書之。</p>
<p>《春秋·宣上》曰︰趙穿攻靈公于桃園。宣子未出山而復。太史書曰「趙盾弑其君」以示於朝。宣子曰︰「不然。」對曰︰「子爲正卿,亡不越境,返不討賊,非子而誰?」宣子曰︰「嗚呼!我之懷矣,自貽伊戚,其我之謂矣!」孔子曰︰「董狐,古之良史也。書法不隱。」</p>
<p>又《襄四》曰︰太史書︰「崔杼殺其君。」崔子殺之。其弟嗣書而死者二人,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>嗣續。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其弟又書,乃舍之。南史氏聞太史盡死,執簡以往。聞既書矣,乃還。</p>
<p>又曰︰魯昭公二年,晋韓宣子聘魯,觀書于太史氏,見《易·象》與《魯春秋》曰︰「周禮盡在魯矣。」</p>
<p>《周禮·春官下》曰︰太史掌建國之六典。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>太史,日官也。《春秋傳》曰︰天子有日官,諸侯有日卿。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《大戴禮》曰︰太子既冠,成人免于保傅則有司過之史。</p>
<p>《春秋文耀鈎》曰︰楚立唐氏以爲史官,蒼<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>如霓,圍軫七蟠,中有荷斧之人,向軫而蹲,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>蟠,猶周也。蹲,踞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>楚驚。</p>
<p>《唐史》曰︰君慢命,又簡宗廟,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>命,天命也。軫,于天文楚之分也。向之而踞,是慢命踞簡宗廟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>于是晝遺炎烟,耀于蒼<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>,精消無文。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>軫火精<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>水氣圍軫水也。晝,日陽也,炎火亦陽也。遺之者象蟠所也。水難勝火,三陽幷氣,且火炎上宜消滅也。文則蜆也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>唐史之册,上滅蒼<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>告神以史功也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《韓詩外傳》曰︰據法守職而不敢爲非者,太史也。</p>
<p>《毛詩序》曰︰國史明乎得失之迹,傷人倫之廢,哀刑政之苛,吟咏情性以諷其上,達于事變而懷其舊俗者也。</p>
<p>《春秋後語》曰︰晋太史屠黍見晋之亂,以其圖法歸周。</p>
<p>《國語》曰︰鄭桓公爲司徒,問于史伯曰︰「王室多故,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>史伯,周太史也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>餘懼及之焉。」</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/漢書" title="漢書">漢書</a>》曰︰司馬喜生談,談爲太史公。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>如淳曰︰《漢儀注》,太史公,武帝置位在丞相上。天下計書先上太史公,副上丞相,序事如古《春秋》。遷死,宣帝以其官爲令,行太史公文書而已。臣瓚案︰《百官表》無太史公。茂陵中書司馬談爲太史令。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>遷仕,爲郎中,使西征巴蜀,以南略邛﹂<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>音昨<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>、昆明,還報命。是歲天子始建漢家之封,而太史公留滯周南,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>如淳云︰周南,洛陽也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不得與從事,發憤且卒,而子遷適反,見父于河洛之間。太史公執遷手而泣曰︰「予先周室之太史也。自上世嘗顯功名,虞夏典天官事,後世中衰,絕于予乎?汝復爲太史,則續吾祖矣。今天子接千歲之緒,封泰山而予不得行,是命也夫!是命也夫!予死,汝必爲太史,爲太史無忘吾所欲論著矣。」遷俯首流涕曰︰「小子不敏,請述論先人所次舊聞,不敢闕。」卒三歲,而遷爲太史令。</p>
<p>又《藝文志》曰︰古之王者,世有史官,君舉必書,所以慎言行、昭法式也。</p>
<p>又曰︰青史子注,古史官記事也。</p>
<p>又曰︰孔甲《盤孟》篇。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>黃帝史官。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰︰史籀。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>周宣王大史,作大篆。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰︰秦太史令胡毋敬作《博學》章。</p>
<p>《東觀漢記》曰︰陰猛以博通古今爲太史令。</p>
<p>司馬彪《續漢書》曰︰張衡字平子,以郎中遷太史令。妙善璣衡之正,作渾天儀,復造候風地動儀。以精銅鑄成,員徑八尺,合蓋隆起,形如酒杯。如有地動,樽則震,尋其方面,知震所在。驗之以事,合契若神。</p>
<p>張璠《漢紀》曰︰初,王師敗于曹陽,欲浮河東下,侍御史、太史令王立曰︰「去春,太白犯鎮星于鬥,過天津熒惑,又逆行守河,北不可犯也。」由是遂不北渡河,將自軹關東出。立又謂宗正劉艾曰︰「前太白守天關,與熒惑會,金火交會,革命之象也,漢祚終矣,晋魏必有興者。」後立數言于帝曰︰「天命有去就,五行不常盛,代者土也。承漢,魏也,能安天下者曹姓,惟委任曹氏而已。」曹公聞之,使人語立曰︰「知公忠于朝廷,天道深遠,幸勿多言。」</p>
<p>應劭曰︰太史令,秩六百石,掌天時星曆。凡歲奏新年曆,凡國祭祀、喪娶之事,奏良日;國有瑞應、灾異,記之。</p>
<p>又曰︰太史令秩六百石。望朗三十人,掌故三十人。昔在顓頊,南正重司天,火正黎司地。唐虞之際,分命羲和曆象日月、星辰,敬授民時。至于夏後、殷、周,世叙其官皆精研術數,窮神知化。當春秋時,魯有梓慎,晋有卜偃,宋有子韋,鄭有裨灶,觀乎天文以察時變,其言屢中,有備無害。漢興,甘石、唐都、司馬父子抑亦次焉。末塗偷進,苟忝茲階,既暗候望,競飾邪僞,以凶爲吉,莫之懲糾。</p>
<p>《漢舊儀》曰︰承周史官,至武帝置太史公。司馬遷父談,世爲太史。遷年十三,使乘傳行天下,求古諸侯之史記。</p>
<p>《魏志》曰︰黃龍見譙橋,桓玄問太史令單揚,<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>曰︰「其國當有王者。」</p>
<p>《吳志》曰︰吳范字文則,會稽上虞人也。劉盛兵西陵,範曰︰「後當和親。」終皆如言。其占驗明審如此。權以范爲騎都尉,領太史令,數從訪問,欲知其訣。范秘惜其術,不以至要語權。權由是恨也。</p>
<p>又曰︰韋曜字弘嗣。孫亮即位,諸葛恪輔政,表曜爲太史令,撰《吳書》。</p>
<p>沈約《宋書》曰︰太史掌歷數、靈台,專候日月星氣焉。</p>
<p>《世本》曰︰沮誦,蒼頡作書。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>宋裒注曰︰沮誦、蒼頡、黃帝之史。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《唐書》曰︰<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:需要指定公元的紀年" title="Category:需要指定公元的紀年" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="請指定為“1302年”或“758年”">乾元元年</span></a>改太史局爲司天臺,掌天文、歷數、風<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>、氣色有異則密封以聞。其小史有司曆、保章正、靈台郎、挈壺正等,官各有差。</p>
<p>《呂氏春秋》曰︰夏太史令終古見夏桀惑亂,載其圖法而泣,乃出奔商;商太史高勢見紂之迷亂,載其圖法出,之周;晋太史屠乘見晋之亂,以其圖法歸周。</p>
<p>《帝王世紀》曰︰黃帝使蒼頡取象鳥迹,始作文字之篆,史官之作,蓋自此始。記其言行,册而藏之。</p>
<p>《文士傳》曰︰張衡性精微,有巧藝,特留意于天文、陰陽、算數,由是遷太史令。</p>
<p>《環濟要略》曰︰太史令取善紀述者,使記時事,天子圖書計最典籍皆副焉。</p>
<p>《賈誼書》曰︰不知日月之時節,不知先王之諱與國之忌,不知風雨雷電之眚,凡此屬太史之任也。</p>
<p>揚雄《太史令箴》曰︰昔在太古,爰初肇記。天地之紀,重離是司。降及唐虞,乃命羲和,欽若昊天,百政攸宜。夏帝不慎,羲和不令,湎時亂日,帝旅爰征,庶寮至殷,惟天爲難,夏氏黷德面明神不蠲。</p>
<p>荀悅《申鑒》曰︰古者,天子諸侯有事必告廟,左右二史臧否成敗無不存焉。得失一朝,榮辱千載,善人勸焉,悖人懼焉。故先王重之,以副賞罰,以輔法教。宜于今者,官以其方,各書其事,歲盡則集之于尚書。</p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="2"><h2 id="dian_zhong_jian"><span id="id-.E6.AE.BF.E4.B8.AD.E7.9B.A3" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>殿中監</h2>
<p>《六典》曰︰殿中監掌服御之事,總尚食、尚藥、尚衣、尚乘、尚舍、尚輦六局之官屬,備其禮物而供其職事。少監爲之貳。尚食奉御掌常謹其儲供,辨其名數;直長爲之貳。尚藥奉御掌合和藥物,辨藥上中下之三品;直長爲之貳。尚衣奉御掌衣服,詳其制度,辨其名數。尚乘奉御掌內外閑厩之馬,辨其粗良,而率其習馭;直長爲之貳。尚舍奉御掌殿庭張設、湯沐,而潔其灑掃;直長爲之貳。尚輦奉御掌輿輦、傘扇之事,分其次序,而辨其名數;直長爲之貳。</p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="3"><h2 id="da_zhang_qiu"><span id="id-.E5.A4.A7.E9.95.B7.E7.A7.8B" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>大長秋</h2>
<p>《天官書》︰宦者四星,在帝座之西︰周官有宮正、宮伯、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>皆主王宮中官之長。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>宮人、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>掌王之六寢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>內宰、<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>理王內之政令,以陰禮教六宮。陰禮,婦禮也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>閽人、寺人官。戰國時有宦者令,秦有將作、尉衛、少府各一人。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>幷皇后卿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>漢景帝<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:前144年_(提及)" title="Category:前144年 (提及)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span title="前144年">中元六年</span></a>改將作爲大長秋,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>顔師古曰︰秋,收成之時;長,恒久之義。故以爲皇后官名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>或用中人,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中人,閹人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>或用士人。成帝加置太僕一人,掌太后輿馬,通謂之皇太后卿;皆隨太后宮爲官號,無太后則缺。至後漢復增置丞、中宮謁者令、中宮尚書、中宮私府令、中宮永巷令、中宮黃門冗從僕射,虎賁官騎、中宮官署令、藥長幷隸大長秋。曆魏、晋、宋、梁、陳、後魏皆有長秋之號,而官屬省置不同。北齊有長秋寺,置卿、中尹各一人,掌諸宮門掖庭等,幷用宦者。隋改曰內侍省,煬帝改爲長秋監,置令一人、丞二人,幷用士人。唐武德初復爲內侍省,皆用宦者。</p>
<p>《後漢書》曰︰鄭衆字季産,南陽<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>人也。爲人謹敏有心,永平中,初給事太子家。肅宗即位,拜小黃門,遷中常侍。和帝初,竇太后秉政,後兄大將軍憲等幷竊威權,朝臣上下莫不附之,而衆獨一心王室,不事豪党,帝親信焉。又憲兄弟圖作不軌,衆遂首謨誅之,以功遷大長秋。</p>
<p>又曰︰良賀位爲大長秋,清儉退厚。陽嘉中詔九卿舉武猛,賀獨無所薦,引帝問其故,對曰︰「臣生自草茅,長于宮掖,既無知人之明,又未嘗交加士類。昔衛鞅因景監以見,有識知其不終。今得臣舉者,匪榮伊辱。」固辭之。</p>
<p>又曰︰曹騰字季興。順帝在東宮,鄧太后以騰年少謹厚,使侍皇太子書,特見親愛。及即位,騰爲小黃門,遷中常侍。桓帝得立,騰與長樂太僕州輔等七人,以定册功,皆封亭侯,騰遷大長秋。用事省闥三十餘年,奉事四帝,未嘗有過。其所進達,皆海內名人。</p>
<p>又曰︰曹節字漢豐,南陽新野人也。靈帝即位,以定册功封長安鄉侯。時竇太后臨朝,後父大將軍武與太傅陳蕃謀誅中官,節等與長樂五官史朱瑀等,矯詔誅武、蕃等,節遷長樂衛尉,後轉大長秋。</p>
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