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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n5958" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85604948" title="d:Q85604948" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="ji_li_shang"><span id="id-.E7.A5.AD.E7.A6.AE.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>祭禮上</h2>
<p>《毛詩·召南》曰:《采蘋》,大夫妻能循法度也。能循法度,則可以承先祖、供祭祀也。于以采蘋?南澗之濱。于以采藻?于彼行潦。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>蘋,大蘋也。澗,崖也。藻,聚藻也。行潦,流潦也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《小雅·天保》曰:吉蠲爲饎,是用孝享;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>吉,善;蠲,絜也。饎,酒食也。享,獻也。箋云:謂將祭祀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>禴詞蒸嘗,于公先王。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>春曰祠,夏曰禴,秋曰嘗,冬曰烝。公,事也。箋云:公謂后稷也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>君曰卜爾,萬壽無疆。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>君,先君也。尸所以象神卜子也。箋云:君曰卜爾者,尸嘏主人傳神辭也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《小雅·吉日》曰:吉日維戊,旣伯旣禱。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>維戊,順類乘壯也。伯,馬祖也。重物慎微,將用馬力,必先爲之禱其祖。禱,獲也。箋云:戊,剛日也,故乘壯爲順類也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《小雅·大田》曰:來方禋祀,以其騂黑。與其黍稷,以享以祀,以介景福。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>騂,牛也。黑,羊豕也。箋云:成王之來,則又禮祀四方之神祈報焉。陽祀用騂牲,陰祀用黑牲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《小雅·楚茨》曰:濟濟蹌蹌,潔爾牛羊。以往烝嘗,或剝或亨,或肆或將。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>濟濟蹌蹌,言有容也。烹,飪之也。肆,陳;將,齊也。或陳于皮,或齊其肉。箋云:有容言威儀敬慎也。冬祭曰烝,秋祭曰嘗。祀之禮各有其事,有解剝其皮者,有煮熟之者,有肆其骨體于俎者,或奉持而進之者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>祝祭于祊,祀事孔明。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>祊,門內也。箋云:孔,甚也。明,秋備也,契也。孝子不知神之所在,故使祝博求之平生門內之旁,待賓客之處,祀禮于是甚明。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《小雅·信南山》曰:祭以清酒,從以騂牡。享于祖考,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>咸尚赤曰騂。箋云:清謂玄酒也。酒、郁鬯五齊三酒也。祭之禮,先以鬱鬯降神,然後迎牲,享于祖考納享時。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>執其鸞刀,以啓其毛,取其血管。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鸞刀,刀有鸞者。言割中節也。箋云:毛以告純也。<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>,脂膏也。血以告殺,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>以升臭。合之黍稷,實之于蕭,合馨香也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是烝是享,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>芬芬,祀事孔明。</p>
<p>又《生民》曰:《生民》,尊祖也。後稷生于姜嫄,文武之功起于後稷,故推以配天焉。厥初生民,時維姜嫄。生民如何?克<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>克祀,以拂無子。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>克,能也。弗之言祓也。姜嫄之生後稷爲何乎?乃禋祀上帝于郊禖,以祓除其無子之疾而得其福也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>履帝武敏歆,攸介攸止,載震載肅,載生載育。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>祀郊禖之時,有大神之迹,姜嫄履其拇指,生子而養之,長,名曰弃也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《清廟》曰:《清廟》,祀文王也。周公旣成洛邑,朝諸侯,率以祀文王焉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>清廟者,祭有清明之起德音之宮也。謂祭文王。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《清廟·烈文》曰:《烈文》,成王即政,諸侯助祭也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>新王即政,必以朝享之禮祭于祖考,告嗣位也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>烈文辟公,錫茲祉福。惠我無疆,子孫保之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>烈,光也。文王賜之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《臣工》曰:《振鷺》,二王之後來助祭也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>二王,殷夏也。其後,杞也,宋也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>振鷺于飛,于彼西雍。我客戾止,亦有斯容。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>箋云:白馬于西雍之澤,言所集得其處也。興者喻杞宋之君有潔白之德,來助祭周之廟,得禮之宜。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《臣工·潜》曰:《潜》,季冬薦魚,春獻鮪也。猗與漆沮,潜有多魚。有鱣有鮪,鰷<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>鯉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>猗與,欽美之言。漆沮,岐周之二水也。潜,摻也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以享以祀,以介景福。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>介,助也。景,大也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《尚書·舜典》曰:望于山川,遍于群神。孔安國傳曰:謂在遠者望祭之也。群神,丘陵墳衍之屬。</p>
<p>又《說命》曰:黷于祭祀,時謂弗欽。孔安國傳曰:祭不欲數,數則黷,黷則不敬也。</p>
<p>又《洛誥》曰:祀于新邑,咸秩無文。孔安國傳曰:以祀典祀于新邑,皆次秩不在禮文者而禮之。</p>
<p>又《多士》曰:罔弗明德恤祀。孔安國傳曰:自帝乙以上無不顯用有德,憂念齊敬,奉其祭祀。言能保宗廟社稷也。</p>
<p>《尚書大傳·周傳》曰:祭之爲言察也;察者,至也;至者,人事也。人事至然後祭。祭者,薦也,薦之爲言在也。在也者,在其道也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《禮志》曰:君子生則敬養,死則敬饗也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《五行傳》曰:簡宗廟,不禱祠,廢祭祀,逆天時,則水不潤下。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>君行此四者爲逆天。此宮之政,北爲水,故源流竭絕,是水不潤下也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《五行傳》曰:六イ之禮,散齋七日,致齋三日。新器潔祀,用赤黍,三日之朝于中庭,祀四方,從東方始,卒于北方。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《禮志》:致齋三日。《周禮》:凡祭祀前期十日。宗伯帥執事十日,是爲齋一旬乃祀也。今此致齋即祀者,欲得容三十也。答:蓋八日爲致齋,明九日朗而初祀,亦一旬有一日事乃畢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>其祀禮,曰格祀,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>篇雲今亡。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>曰某也,方祀。曰播國,率相行祀。其祝也,曰:若爾神靈,洪範六イ是合,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>神靈謂木精靈威仰,火精赤熛怒,土精含樞細,金精白招距,水精汁光紀及木帝太皋,炎帝火帝,土帝黃帝,金帝少昊,水帝顓頊,木官句芒,火官祝融,土官后土,金官蓐收,水官玄冥皆是也。古者生能其事,死在祀禮,配其神而食。合猶爲也。六イ是神靈所爲也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>無差無傾,無有不正。若民有不敬事,則會批之于六イ<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言民廣及天下有過者也。事,六事也。會,合也。批,推也。言天下之有過,神靈亦合推內于六イ。天子以下爲任者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>六事之機,以縣示我,我民人無敢不敬事上下王祀。</p>
<p>《周禮·天官·冢宰》曰:以八則治都鄙,一曰祭祀,以馭其神;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>祭祀其先君社稷五祀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以九式均節財用,一曰祭祀之式。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>式謂財用之節度。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《天官上·內饔》曰:凡宗廟之祭祀,掌割亨之事。凡燕飲食亦如之。</p>
<p>又《天官上·獸人》曰:凡祭祀、喪紀、賓客,共其死獸生獸。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>共其完者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡獸入于臘人,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>當幹之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>皮毛筋角入于玉府。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>給作器物。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《天官上·亨人》曰:祭祀共大羹、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>羹,賓客亦如之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>大羹,肉湆也。鄭司農云:大羹不致五味也,鉶羹加鹽菜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《地官上·牧人》曰:牧人宰牧六牲而阜蕃其物,以供祭祀之牲<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>六牲謂牛、馬、羊、豕、犬、鶏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡陽祀用騂牲毛之,陰祀用黝牲毛之,望祀各以其方之色牲毛之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>毛,純也。陰祀祭六郊地及社稷也。鄭司農云:陽祀春夏也。黝讀爲幽。幽,黑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡時祀必用<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>物。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>時祀,四時所常祀,謂山川以下至四方百物也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡外祭毀事,用ζ可也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>ζ謂雜色不純,毀謂副辜毀除殃咎之屬也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡祭祀共其犧牲,以授充人系之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>犧牲,毛羽完具也。授充人者,當殊養之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡牲不系者,共奉之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂非時而祭祀者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《地官上》曰:牛人,掌養國之公牛,以待國之政令。凡祭祀,供其享牛、求牛,以授職人而芻之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鄭司農云:享牛,前祭一日之牛。求牛,禱于鬼神祈福之牛也。玄謂獻神之牛,謂所以祭者也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡祭祀供其牛牲之互,與其盆{<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>}以待事。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>互謂福衡之屬。盆{<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>}皆器名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《地官下·閭師》曰:凡庶民不畜者,祭無牲;不耕者,祭無盛矣。</p>
<p>又《春官上·大宗伯》曰:大宗伯之職,掌建邦之天神、人鬼、地祇之禮,以佐王建保邦國。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>建,立也。立天神、人神、地祗之禮者,謂祀之、祭之、享之。禮,吉禮是也。目吉禮于上承以立安邦國者,互相成。明尊鬼神,重人事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以禋祀祀昊天上帝,以實柴祀日月星辰,以<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>酋燎祀司中、司命、風師、雨師,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>之言烟也。周人尚臭,烟氣之臭聞者<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>酋積也。《詩》曰:「<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>棫樸,薪之<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>酋之。」三祀皆積柴實牲體焉。或有玉帛燔柴而外堙,所以報陽也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以血祭祭社稷、五祀、五岳,以埋沉祭山林川澤,以<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>辜祭四方百物。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不言祭地,此皆地祗,祭地可知也。陰祀自血起,貴氣臭也。社稷,土穀之神也,有德者配食。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡祀大神,亨大鬼,祭大祇,帥執事而卜日宿,視滌濯,莅玉鬯,省牲鑊,奉玉齊,詔大號,治其大禮,詔相王之大禮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>執事,諸有事于祭者也。宿,申式也。滌濯,溉祭器也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>若王不與祭祀,則攝位。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>王有故,代行其祭事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡大祭祠,王后不與,則攝而薦豆籩徹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>薦徹豆籩,後之事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>國有大故,則旅上帝及四望。王大封,則先告后土,乃頒祀于邦國、都家、鄉邑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>頒讀爲班。班其所當祀及其禮也。都家鄉邑謂王子弟及公卿大夫所食埰地也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《春官下·太祝》曰:太祝掌六祝之辭。太師宜于社,造于祖,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>《馬融傳》曰:《爾雅》曰:「起大事,動大衆,必先有事于社也。」<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>設軍社,類上帝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>社者,社主也。類者,以事類告祀上帝。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>國將有事于四望,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將,行也。四望,日月星辰也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>及軍歸獻于社,則前祝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>獻于社主。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《春官》曰:家宗人,掌家祭祀之禮。凡祭祀致福。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>大夫埰地之所祀與都同,若先王之子孫亦有祖廟。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《禮記·月令》曰:孟春之月,其祖戶,祭先脾。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>春,陽氣出,祀之于戶,內陽也。祀之先祭脾者,爲春陽中于藏直,脾爲尊也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>仲春之月,天子獻羔開冰,先薦寢廟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>獻羔謂獻司寒也。祭司寒而出冰,薦于宗廟,乃後賦之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>上丁,命樂正習舞釋菜,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>將舞,必釋菜于先師以禮之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>天子乃率三公、九卿、諸侯、大夫親往視之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>順時達物。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>中丁,又命樂正入學習樂。是月也,祠不用犧牲,用<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>璧更皮幣。</p>
<p>又《月令》曰:孟夏之月,其祀灶,祭先肺。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏,陽氣盛,熱于外,祀之于灶,從熱類也。祀之先肺者,陽位在上,肺亦在上,肺爲尊也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令·仲夏》祀皇地祇於方丘。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏至之日,祀皇地祇于方丘,以高祖神堯皇帝配坐,以岳瀆等神從祀。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令·仲夏》曰:命有司祭先牧。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂仲夏祭先牧于大澤,用剛日。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令·季夏》曰:其祀中ニ,祭先心。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>中ニ猶中室也。祭中ニ之禮,爲俎先進心。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是月也,祀黃帝于南郊。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂季夏土德王日則祀黃帝,合樞紐于南郊,以軒轅配坐,以后土鎮星從祀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令》曰:孟秋其祀門,祭先肝。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>秋,陰氣出,祀之于門,外陰也。祭先肝者,秋爲陰中于藏直肝。凡祀門爲俎,先進肝也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令》曰:孟冬,其祀行,祭先腎。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>冬陰氣盛,寒于外,祀之于行,從辟除之類。行謂道也。祭先腎者,陰位在下,腎亦在下。凡祀行爲俎,先進腎。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令·孟冬》曰:祀神州地祇於北郊。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂立冬日祭神州地祇于北郊。太宗文武聖皇帝配坐。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是月也,命有司祭司寒。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂孟冬祭司寒于北郊。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>是月也,命有司祭司中、司命、司人、司祿。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂立冬後亥日祀司祿等于國域西北。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《月令·仲冬》曰:命有司祈祀四海、大川、名源、淵澤、井泉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>順其盛德之時祭也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《曲禮上》曰:臨祭不惰,祭服弊則焚之,祭器弊則埋之。</p>
<p>又《曲禮下》曰:無田祿者,不設祭器;有田祿者,先爲祭服。君子雖貧,不鬻祭器;雖寒,不衣祭服。去國,祭器不逾境,大夫寓祭器于大夫,士寓祭器于士。</p>
<p>又《曲禮下》曰:天子祭天地,祭四方,祭山川,祭五祀,歲遍。諸侯方祀,祭山川,祭五祀,歲遍。大夫祭五祀,歲遍。士祭其先。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>祭四方謂祭五官之神于四郊也。勾芒在東,祝融后土在南,蓐收在西,玄冥在北。《詩》云「耒方禋祀」,方祀者,各祭其方之官而已。五祀謂戶灶中ニ門行也。此蓋殷時制也。《祭法》曰:「天子立七祀,諸侯立五祀,大夫立三祀,士立二祀。」謂周制也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡祭,有其廢之,莫敢舉也;有其舉之,莫敢廢也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>爲其瀆神也。廢舉謂若殷廢農祀弃,後不可復廢弃祀農也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>非所祭而祭之,名曰淫祀。淫祀無福。支子不祭,祭必告于宗子。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>不敢自專。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>凡祭宗廟之禮,牛曰一元大武,豕曰剛鬣,豚曰肥<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>盾,羊曰柔毛,鶏曰翰音,犬曰羹獻,雉曰疏趾,兔曰明視,脯曰尹祭,槁魚曰商祭,鮮魚曰<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>廷祭,水曰清滌,酒曰清酌,黍曰薌合,粱曰薌萁,稷曰明粢,稻曰嘉蔬,韭曰豐本,鹽曰咸鹺,玉曰嘉玉,弊曰量幣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>號牲物者,異于人用也。元,頭也。武,迹也。<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>盾,肥也。《春秋傳》作<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>盾,<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>盾,充貌也。尹,正也。商猶量也。<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>廷,直也。萁,辭也。嘉,善也。稻,菇蔬之屬也。豐,茂也。大鹹曰鹺。今河東雲幣帛也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《曲禮》曰:大饗不問卜,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt91" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>祭五帝于明堂,莫適卜也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>不饒富。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt92" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>富之言備也,備而已,勿多于禮。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《檀弓下》曰:仲遂卒于垂,壬午猶繹,萬入去<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt93" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn><small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>仲遂,魯公子。先曰辛巳有事太廟而仲遂卒,明曰而繹非也。萬,千舞也。<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>舞也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>仲尼曰:「非禮也。卿卒不繹。」</p>
<p>又《王制》曰:祭,豐年不奢,凶年不儉。</p>
<p>又《王制》曰:天子祭天地,諸侯祭社稷,大夫祭五祀。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt95" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>五祀謂司命、中ニ、門、行、厲也。此祭謂大夫有地者,其無地祭三耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>天子祭天下名山大川,五岳視三公,四瀆視諸侯。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt96" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>視,視其牲器之數。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>諸侯祭名山大川之在其地者。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt97" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>魯人祭泰山,晋人祭河是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>天子諸侯,祭因國之在其地而無主後者。</p>
<p>又《禮器》曰:晏平仲祀其先人,豚肩不奄豆,浣衣濯冠以朝,君子以爲厄也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt98" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>厄猶狹厄。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>孔子曰:「臧文仲安知禮!夏父弗綦,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt99" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>音忌<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>逆祀,而弗止也,燔柴于奧。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt100" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>文仲,魯公子區之曾孫臧孫辰也。莊文之間爲大夫,于是爲賢,是以非之不正禮也。文二年八月丁卯,大事于太廟,躋,僖公始逆祀。是夏父弗綦爲宗人之爲也。奧當爲爨字之誤。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>夫奧者,老婦之祭也,盛于瓮,尊于瓶。」</p>
<p>又曰:季氏祭,逮暗而祭;日不足,繼之以燭。雖有强力之容,肅敬之心,皆倦怠矣。有司跛倚以臨祭,其爲不敬大矣。他日祭,子路與,室事交乎戶,堂事交乎階。質明而始行事,晏朝而退。孔子聞之,曰:「誰謂由也不知禮乎?」</p>
<p>又《大傳》曰:牧之野,武王之事也。旣事而退,柴于帝,祈于社,設奠于牧室。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt101" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>柴,尊告天地及先祖也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>遂率天下諸侯,執豆籩,駿奔走。</p>
<p>又《祭法》曰:燔柴于泰壇,祭天也;瘞埋于泰折,祭地也,用も犢。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt102" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>壇,析封土爲祭處也。壇之言垣也。垣,明貌也。析,炤<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>也。必爲炤明之名,尊神也。地祗用黝牲,與天俱用犢,連言耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>埋少牢于泰昭,祭時也;相近于坎壇,祭寒暑也,王宮,祭日也;夜明,祭月也;幽宗,祭星也;雩宗,祭水旱也;四坎壇,祭四方也。山林、川穀、丘陵能出<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt103" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>,爲風雨,見怪物,皆曰神。有天下者祭百神。諸侯在其地則祭之,亡其地則不祭。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt104" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>昭,明也,亦謂壇也。時,四時也,亦謂陰陽之神也。埋之者,陰陽出入于地中也。凡此以下皆祭用少牢也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《祭法》曰:夫聖王之制祭祀也,法施于民則祀之,以死勤事則祀之,以勞定國則祀之,能禦大灾則祀之,能捍大患則祀之。是故厲山氏之有天下也,其子曰農,能植百穀。夏之衰也,周弃繼之,故祀以爲稷。共工氏之霸九州也,其子曰后土,能平九州,故祀以爲社。帝嚳能序星辰以著衆,堯能賞均刑法以義終,舜勤衆事而野死,鯀鄣洪水而殛死,禹能修鯀之功,黃帝正名百物,以明民共財,顓頊能修之,契爲司徒而民成,冥勤其官而水死,湯以寬治民而除其虐,文王以文治,武王以武功,去民之灾,此皆有功烈于民者也。及夫日月星辰,民所瞻仰也;山林川穀丘陵,民所取材用也。非此族也,不在祀典。</p>
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