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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" dir="ltr"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"/><title>卷六百二十二</title><style typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt3"><![CDATA[@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.header{display:table!important}}]]></style></head><body class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.23.0.0-alpha10" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0" xml:lang="zh"><section data-mw-section-id="0"><span about="#mwt3">
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<tbody><tr><td style="width:25%; text-align: left;"><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c623_tai_ping_yu_lan_0621.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0621">治道部二</a> <span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span></td>
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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷六百二十二．治道部三</td>
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<td style="width:25%; text-align: right;"><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c625_tai_ping_yu_lan_0623.xhtml" title="太平御覽/0623">治道部四</a><span style="display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;"/></td></tr>
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<td><span style="color: #464646;"><ul id="plainSister-n6459" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="姊妹计划" resource="./File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" src="images/c1004_Wikimedia_logo.svg_20px_Wikimedia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-type="drawing" class="mw-file-element" style="width:18px; height:18px; " data-title="Wikimedia-logo.svg-20px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png"/></a></span></span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">姊妹计划</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85606794" title="d:Q85606794" class="extiw">数据项</a></li></ul></span>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="zheng_zhi_yi"><span id="id-.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E4.B8.80" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>政治一</h2>
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<p>《釋名》曰：政者，正也，下所以取正也。</p>
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<p>《周禮·天官》太宰之職曰：正月之吉，始和，布治于邦國都鄙，乃縣<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>讀爲懸。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>治象之治于象魏，使萬民觀治象，挾日而斂之；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>太宰以正月朔日布王治之事于天下，至正歲，又書而懸于象魏，振木鐸以徇之，使萬民觀焉。小宰亦帥其屬而往，皆所以重治法新王事也。凡治有故。言始和者，若改造云爾。挾日凡十日。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乃施典于邦國，而建其牧，立其監，設其參，傅其伍，陳其殷，置其輔；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>乃者，更申敕之也。以侯伯有功德者加命作州長，謂之牧。所謂八命作牧者也。監謂公侯伯子男各盟一國也。鄭司農云︰殷治律輔爲民之平也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乃施則于都鄙，而建其長，立其兩，設其伍，陳其殷，置其輔；<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>長謂公卿大夫，兩謂兩卿也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乃施法于官府，而建其正，立其貳，設其考，陳其殷，置其輔。凡治，以典待邦國之治，以則待都鄙之治，以法待官府之治，以官成待萬民之治，以禮待賓客之治。凡邦之小治，則冢宰聽之，待四方賓客之小治。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>大事决乎王，小事冢宰專平之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>歲終，則令百官府各正其治，受其會，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>正，正處也。會，大計也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>聽其政事，而詔王廢置。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>平其事來至者之功狀而奏白王。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>三歲，則大計群吏之治而誅賞之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>事久則聽之大。無功，不徒廢，必罪之；有大功，不徒置，又賞之。鄭司農云︰三載考績是也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：《天官》小宰之職曰：正歲，帥治官之屬，而觀治象之法，徇以木鐸，曰：不用法者，國有常刑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>正歲謂夏之正月得四時之正，以出教令者審矣。古者將有新令，必奮木鐸以警衆，使明聽也。木鐸，木舌也。文事奮木鐸，武事奮金鐸。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《禮》曰：故政者，君之所以藏身也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>藏謂輝光于外而形體不見，若日月星辰之神。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>是故夫政必本于天，淆以降命。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>降，下也。殽天之氣以下教令。天有運移之期，陰陽之節也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命降于社之謂淆地，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>教謂令由社下者也。社，土地之主也。《周禮》土會之法有五地之物生也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>降于祖廟之謂仁義，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂教令由社下者。大傳曰：自禰率而上至于祖，遠者輕仁也。自祖率而下至于禰，高者重義也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>降于山川之謂興作，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂教令由山川下者也。山川有草木禽獸，可作器物，其國事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>降于五祀之謂制度。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂教令由五祖下者，五祀有中ニ、門、戶、灶、行之神，此始爲宮室制度。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>此聖人所以藏身之固也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>政之行如此，何用城郭溝池之爲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故聖人參于天地，幷于神鬼，以治政也。</p>
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<p>又曰：政以一其行。禮、樂、刑、政，其極一也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>極，至也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>所以同民心而出治道也。是故治世之音安以樂，其政和；亂世之音怨以怒，其政乖。聲音之道與政通矣。是故審聲以知音，審音以知樂，審樂以知政，而治道備矣。</p>
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<p>又曰：「敢問何謂爲政？」孔子對曰：「政者，正也，君爲正，則百姓從政矣。君之所爲，百姓之所從也。君所不爲，百姓何從？」公曰：「敢問爲政何如？」孔子對曰：「夫婦別，父子親，君臣嚴。三者正，則庶物從之矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰：哀公問政。子曰：「文武之政，布在方策。其人存，則其政舉；其人亡，則其政息。人道敏政，地道敏樹。夫政也者，蒲盧也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蒲盧蜾蠃謂土蜂也。《詩》曰：「螟蛉有子，蜾蠃負之。」螟蛉，桑蟲也，蒲盧，取桑蟲之子去而變化之以爲己子。政之于百姓，若蒲盧之于桑蟲然。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>故爲政在人。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子曰：「夫人教之以德，齊之以禮，則民有格心；教之以政，齊之以刑，則民有遁心。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>格，來也。遁，逃也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：子曰：「政之不行也，教之不成也，爵祿不足勸也，刑罰不足耻也。故上不可以褻刑而輕爵。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言政教所以明嘗罰也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：聖人南面聽天下，所且先者五，民不與焉。一曰治親，二曰報功，三曰舉賢，四曰使能，五曰存愛。五者一得于天下，民無不足、無不贍者；五者一物紕繆，民莫得其死。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>物猶事也。糸比猶錯也。五事得則民足，一事失則民不得其死。明政之難。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《大戴禮》曰：曾子曰：「敢問不費不勞，以爲明乎？」孔子愀然揚眉曰：「參！汝以明主爲勞乎？古者舜左禹而右皋陶，不下席而天下治。」</p>
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<p>《左氏傳》曰：宣子于是乎始爲國政，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>宣子，趙盾。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>制事典，正法罪，辟刑獄，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>辟猶理也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>董逋逃，由質要，治舊ㄜ，本秩禮，續常職，出滯淹。旣成，以授太傅陽子與太師賈佗，使行諸晋國，以爲常法。</p>
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<p>又曰：晋悼公即位于朝，始命百官，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>始爲政。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>施捨己責，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>施恩惠，舍勞役，逋止責。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>振廢滯，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>起舊德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>匡乏困，救灾患，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>匡亦教也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>禁淫慝，薄賦斂，宥罪戾，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>宥，寬也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>節器用，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>節，省也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>時用民，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>使民以時。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>欲無犯時。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>不縱私欲。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：季札聘于鄭。謂子産曰：「鄭之執政者侈，難將至矣。政必及子，子爲政，慎之以禮。不然，鄭國將敗。」</p>
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<p>又曰：鄭子皮授子産政。子産使都鄙有章，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>國都及邊鄙車服尊卑各有分部。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>上下有服，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>公卿大夫服不相愈。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>田有封洫，廬井有伍。大人之忠儉者，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謂卿大夫。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>從而與之；泰侈者，因而斃之。從政一年，輿人誦之曰：「取我衣冠而楮之，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>褚，蓄也。奢侈者畏法，故蓄藏。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>取我田疇而伍之。孰殺子産，吾其與之。」及三年，又誦之曰：「我有子弟，子産誨之；我有田疇，子産殖之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>殖，生也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>子産而死，誰其嗣之？」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嗣，續也。傳言鄭所以興。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：「禮之于政，如熱之有濯，以救熱，何患之有？」</p>
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<p>又曰：鄭人游于鄉校，以論執政。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>論其得失。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>然明謂子産曰：「毀鄉校，如何？」子産曰：「何爲？夫人朝夕退而游焉，以議執政之善否。其所善者，吾則行之；其所惡者，吾則改之。是吾師也。若之何毀之？」</p>
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<p>又曰：子皮欲使尹何爲邑。子産曰：「少，未知可否？」子皮曰：「願，吾愛之，不吾叛也。使夫往而學焉，夫亦愈知治矣？」子産曰：「不可。人之愛人，求利之也。今吾子愛人則以政，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>以政與之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>猶未能操刀而使割也，其傷實多。子之愛人，傷之而已，其誰敢求愛于子？子于鄭國，棟也棟折榱崩，僑將厭焉，敢不盡言？子有美錦，不使人學制焉。而使學者制焉，其爲美錦，不亦多乎？僑聞學而後入政，未聞以政學者也。譬如田獵，射禦貫，則能獲禽。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>貫，習也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>若未嘗登車射禦，則敗績厭覆是懼，何暇思獲？」子皮曰：「善哉，學者也！若果行此，必有所害。」</p>
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<p>又曰：周任有言曰：「爲政者不賞私勞，不罰私怨。《詩》云︰『有覺德行，四國須之。』」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>《詩·小雅》。覺，直也。言德行直則四方順從也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：鄭子産有疾，謂子太叔曰：「我死，子必爲政。惟有德者能以寬服民，其次莫如猛。火烈，民望而畏之，故鮮死焉。水懦弱，民狎而玩之，則多死焉。故寬難。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>難以治。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>疾數月而卒。太叔爲政，不忍猛而寬。鄭國多盜，聚人于萑蒲苻之澤。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蒲，澤名也。于澤中劫人，音符浦切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>太叔悔之曰：「吾早從夫子，不及此。」興徒兵以攻蒲苻之盜，盡殺之，盜少止。仲尼曰：「善哉！政寬則民慢，慢則糾之以猛；猛則民殘，殘則施之以寬。寬以濟猛，猛以濟寬，政是以和。《詩》曰：『民亦勞止，汔可小康。惠此中國，以綏四方。』施之以寬也。」</p>
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<p>《書·大禹謨》曰：後克艱厥後，臣克艱厥臣，政乃乂，黎民敏德。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>敏，疾也。能知爲君難，爲臣不易，則其政治，而衆民皆疾修德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>禹曰：「于，帝念哉！德惟善政，政在養民。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嘆而言念，重其言，爲政以德，則民懷之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>水、火、金、木、土、穀，惟修。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言念民之本，在先修六府。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>正德、利用、厚生，惟和，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>正德以率下，利用以阜財，厚生以養民，三者和，所謂善政。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>九功惟叙，九叙惟歌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言六府三事之功者有次叙皆可歌樂，乃德政之所致。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>戒之用休，董之用威，勸之以九歌，俾勿壞。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言善政之道，美以戒之，威以督之，歌以勸之。使政勿壞，在此三者而已。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《太甲下》曰：德惟治，否德亂。與治同道，罔不興；與亂同事，罔不亡。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言安危在所念，治亂在所法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>終始慎厥與，惟明明後。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>明慎其所與治亂之機，則爲明王明君。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《盤庚上》曰：古我先王，亦惟圖任舊人共政。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>先王謀任久老成人共治其政。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>王播告之修，不匿厥指。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>王布告人，以所修之政不匿其指。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>王用丕欽，罔有逸言。民用丕變。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>王用大敬其政教，無有逸豫之言，民用大變從化。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《洪範》曰：六，三德：<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>治民必用剛、柔、正直之三德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>一曰正直，二曰剛克，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>剛能立事。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>三曰柔克。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>和柔能治。三者皆德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>平康正直。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>世平安，用正直治之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>彊弗友剛克，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>友，順也。世彊禦不順，以剛能治之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>燮友柔克，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>燮，和也。世和順以柔能治之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>沈潜剛克，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>沈潜謂地雖柔亦有剛，能出金石。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>高明柔克。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>高明謂天。言天爲剛德亦有柔克，不幹四時，喻臣當執剛以正君，君亦當執柔以納臣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《立政》曰：周公若曰：「拜手稽首，告嗣天子王矣。」用咸戒于王，曰：「王左右常伯、常任、准人、綴衣、虎賁。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周公用王所立政之事，皆戒于王曰：常所常事常所委任，謂三公六卿。准人平法，謂士官。綴衣，掌衣服。虎賁以武力事王。皆左右近臣，宜得其人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>周公曰：「嗚呼！休茲，知恤鮮哉！<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嘆此五者立政之本，知憂得其人者少。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>古之人，迪惟有夏，乃有室大競，籲俊尊上帝，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>古之人道，惟有夏禹之時，乃有卿大夫室家大强，猶乃招呼賢俊與共尊事上帝。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>迪知忱恂于九德之行，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>禹之臣蹈知誠信于九德之行，謂賢智大臣九德皋陶所謀也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>乃敢告教厥後曰：拜手稽首後矣。曰：宅乃事，宅乃牧，宅乃准，茲惟後矣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>知九德之臣，乃敢告教其君，以立政君矣。亦猶王矣。宅，居也。居汝事六卿。掌事者，牧。牧民九州之伯，居外內之官及平法者，皆得其人，則此惟君矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>嗚呼！孺子王矣，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嘆稚子今以爲王矣，不可不勤法祖考之德。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>繼自今，我其立政。立事、准人、牧夫，我其克灼知厥若，丕乃俾亂，<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>繼用今已往我其立政大臣，立事小臣，及准人、牧夫，我其能灼然知其順者，則大乃使治之。言知臣下之勤勞，然後莫不盡心力也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>相我受民，和我庶獄庶慎，時則勿有間之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>能治我所受天民，和平我衆獄衆慎之事。如是，則勿有以代之。言不可復變。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>自一話一言，我則末惟成德之彥，以<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>我受民。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言政當用一善，善在一言而已。欲其口無擇言。如此，我則終惟有成德之美以治我所受之民。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>嗚呼！予旦已受人之徽言，咸告孺子王矣！<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嘆所受賢聖說禹湯之美言，皆以告稚子王矣。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>繼自今，文子文孫，其勿誤于庶獄庶慎，惟正是<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>之。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>文子孫子，從今已往，惟以正是之道治衆獄，衆慎其勿誤也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又曰：成王旣黜殷命，滅淮夷，還歸在豐，作《周官》。王曰：「若昔大猷，制治于未亂，保邦于未危。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言當順古大道，制治安國，必于未亂未危之前，思患預防之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>曰唐虞稽古，建官惟百，內有百揆四岳，外有州牧侯伯。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>道堯舜考古，以建百官，內置百揆四岳，象天之有五行；外置州牧十二及五國之長，上下相維，內外咸治。言有法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>庶政惟和，萬國咸寧。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>官職有序，故庶政惟和，萬國皆安，所以爲治也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>夏商官倍，亦克用<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述，請補上。" about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>禹湯建官二百，亦能用治。言不及唐虞之清要也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>明王立政，不惟其官，惟其人。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言聖帝明王立政修教，不惟多其官，惟在得其人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>王曰：「嗚呼！凡我有官君子，欽乃攸司，慎乃出令。令出惟行，弗惟反。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>有官，君子大夫以上。嘆而戒之，使敬汝所司，慎汝出令。從政之本，令出必惟行之，不惟反改。若二三其令，亂之道。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>以公滅私，民其允懷。學古入官，議事以制，政乃不迷。其爾典常作之師，無以利口亂厥官。蓄疑敗謀，怠忽荒政。不學墻面，莅事惟煩。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>積疑不决，必敗其謀。怠惰忽略，必亂其政。人而不學，其猶正墻面而立，臨政事必煩。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>又《君陳》曰：惟爾令德孝恭，惟孝，友于兄弟，克施有政。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>言善父母者，必友于兄弟，能施其政令。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>命汝尹茲東郊，敬哉。圖厥政，莫或不艱，有廢有興，出入自爾師虞，庶言同則繹。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>謀其政，無有不先慮其難。有所廢，有所起，出納之事當用汝衆言度之。衆言同則陳而布之，禁其專也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>有弗若于汝政，弗化于汝訓，辟以止辟，乃辟。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>有不順于汝政，不變于汝教，刑之而懲止。犯刑者乃刑之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small>狃于奸宄，敗常亂俗，三細不宥。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt91" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>習于奸宄，凶惡毀敗五常之道以亂風俗之教，罪雖小，三犯不赦，所以絕惡源也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small></p>
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<p>《論語》曰：子禽問于子貢曰：「夫子至于是邦也，必聞其政。求之與？抑與之與？」子貢曰：「夫子溫良恭儉讓以得之。夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之與？」</p>
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<p>又曰：爲政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而衆星拱之。</p>
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<p>又曰：子貢問政。子曰：「足食，足兵，民信之矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰：齊景公問政于孔子。孔子對曰：「君君、臣臣、父父、子子。」公曰：「善哉。信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子。雖有粟，吾得而食諸？」</p>
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<p>又曰：子張問政。子曰：「居之無倦，行之以忠。」</p>
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<p>又曰：季康子問政于孔子。孔子對曰：「政者，正也。子帥以正，孰敢不正？」</p>
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<p>又曰：季康子問于孔子曰：「如殺無道以就有道，何如？」孔子對曰：「子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德風，小人之德草。草上之風，必偃。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子路問政。子曰：「先之勞之。」請益，曰：「無倦。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子曰：「魯衛之政，兄弟也。」</p>
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<p>又曰：「衛君待子而爲政，子將奚先？」子曰：「必也正名乎？」子路曰：「有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？」子曰：「野哉，由也！君子于其所不知，蓋闕如也。名不正，則言不順；言不順，則事不成；事不成，則禮樂不興；禮樂不興，則刑罰不中；刑罰不中，則民無所措手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子于其言，無所苟而已矣。」</p>
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<p>又曰：葉公問政。子曰：「近者說，遠者來。」</p>
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<p>又曰：子夏爲莒父宰問政。子曰：「無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達，見小利則大事不成。」</p>
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<p>又曰：無爲而治者，其舜也與？夫何爲哉？恭己正南面而已矣。</p>
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<p>又曰：子張問于孔子曰：「何如斯可以從政矣？」子曰：「尊五美，屏四惡，斯可以從政矣。」</p>
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