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<td style="width:50%; text-align: center;"><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="c0_tai_ping_yu_lan.xhtml" title="太平御覽">太平御覽</a></b><br/>卷六百三十五.刑法部一</td>
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</section><section data-mw-section-id="1"><h2 id="xu_xing_shang"><span id="id-.E5.8F.99.E5.88.91.E4.B8.8A" typeof="mw:FallbackId"/>叙刑上</h2>
<p>《易·蒙卦》曰:初六發蒙,利用刑人。《象》曰:利用刑人,以正法也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt5" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>刑人之道,道所惡也。以正法制,故刑人也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《豫卦》曰:順以動,豫。聖人以順動,則刑罰清而民服。</p>
<p>又《噬嗑卦》曰:噬嗑亨,利用獄。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt6" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>噬,嚙也。嗑,合也。凡物之不親,由有間也,物之不齊,由有過也。有間與過,嚙而合之,所以通也。刑克以通,獄之利也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>《象》曰:雷電噬嗑,先王以明罰勒法。</p>
<p>又曰《豐卦·象》曰:雷電皆至豐,《豐》君子以折獄致刑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>文明以動,不失清理也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《尚書·舜典》曰:象以典刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>象,法也。法用常刑,用不越法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>流宥五刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>宥,寬也。以流放之法寬五刑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>鞭作官刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>以鞭爲治官事之刑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>朴則教刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt11" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>朴,夏楚也。不勤道業,則撻之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>金作贖刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>金,黃金。誤而入刑,出金以贖罪。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>眚灾肆赦,怙終賊刑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt13" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>眚,過也。灾,害也。肆,緩也。賊,煞也。過而有害,當緩赦之。怙奸自終,當型煞之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>欽哉欽哉,惟刑之恤哉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>舜陳典刑之義,敕天下使敬之,憂欲得中。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《舜典》曰:帝曰:「皋陶!蠻夷猾夏,寇賊奸宄,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt15" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>猾,亂也。夏,華夏。群行攻劫曰寇,煞人曰賊。在外曰奸,在內曰宄。言無教之致。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>汝作士,五刑有服,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt16" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>士,治獄官也。五刑,墨劓非刂宮大辟。服,從也。言刑得輕重中正之法也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>五服三就;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>旣從五刑,謂服罪也。行刑當就之處:大罪于原野、大夫于朝,士于市。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>五流有宅,五宅三居。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂不忍加刑則流放之,若四凶則有五刑之流,各有所居。五居之差有三等之居;大罪四裔,次九州之外,次千里之外也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>惟明克允。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言皋陶能明信五刑,施之遠近。蠻夷猾夏,使咸信服,無敢犯之者。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《大禹謨》曰:帝曰:「皋陶!惟茲臣庶,罔或幹予正。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>無有幹我正,言順耳。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>汝作士,明于五刑,以弼五教,期于予治,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>弼,輔也。期,當也。嘆其能以刑輔教,當于治體。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>刑期于無刑,民協于中,時乃功,懋哉。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>雖成行刑以煞,止煞經無犯者。刑期于無所刑,民皆合于大中之道,是汝之功勉之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>皋陶曰:「帝德罔愆,臨下以簡,御衆以寬。罰弗及詞,賞延于世。宥過無大,刑故無小。罪疑惟輕,功疑惟重。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt23" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>邢疑附輕,賞疑從重,忠厚之至。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>與其煞不辜,寧失不經,好生之德,洽于民心。茲用不犯于有司。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt24" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>辜,罪也。經,常也。司,主也。皋陶因帝勉己,遂稱帝之德,所以期民不犯上也。寧失不常之罪,不枉不辜之善,仁愛之道。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《皋陶謨》曰:天討有罪,五刑五用哉。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言天以五刑罰有罪,用五刑宜必當。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《呂刑》曰:穆王訓夏贖刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>呂侯以穆王命作書,訓暢夏禹贖刑之法,更從輕矣。布告天下。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>作《呂刑》。呂刑,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>後爲甫侯,故或稱甫刑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>惟呂命。王享國百年,耄荒,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言呂侯見命爲卿時,穆王以享國百年,耄亂荒忽,穆王即位,過四十矣。言百年大期,雖志而能用賢以揚名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>度作刑以詰四方。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>度時世所宜,訓作贖刑,以治天下四方之民。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《尚書大傳》曰:子張曰:「堯舜之王,一人刑而天下治,何則h嗵誠而愛深也。今一夫而被此五刑。」子龍子曰:「未可謂能爲書。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt30" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>二人俱罪呂侯之說刑也。被此五刑,喻犯數罪也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>孔子曰:「不然也。五刑有此教。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt31" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>教然耳。犯數罪猶以上一罪刑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:子夏曰:「昔者三王愨然欲錯刑遂罰,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>錯,處也。遂,行也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>平心而應之,和然後行之。然且曰:『吾意者以不平慮之乎?吾意者以不和平之乎?』如此者三,然後行之。此之謂慎罰。」</p>
<p>又曰:孔子曰:「古之刑者省之,今之刑者繁之。其教,古者有禮然後有刑,是以刑省也。今也反是,無禮而齊之以刑,是以繁也。」</p>
<p>《書》曰:伯夷降典禮,折民惟刑。謂有禮然後有刑也。</p>
<p>又曰:茲殷罰有倫,今也反是,諸侯不同聽,每君異法。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt33" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>聽,設獄也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>聽無有倫,是故知法難也。</p>
<p>又曰:有過,赦。小罪勿增,大罪勿累。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt34" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>延罪無辜曰累。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>老弱不授刑,有過不授罰。故老而授刑謂之悖,弱者授之不克,不赦有過謂之賊。</p>
<p>《詩·小雅》曰:《菀柳》,刺幽王也。暴虐無親,而刑罰不中也。</p>
<p>《詩含神霧》曰:燁燁震電,不寧不令。此應刑政之大暴,故震雷驚人,使天下不安。</p>
<p>《周禮·地官上·大司徒》曰:以鄉八刑糾萬民。一曰不孝之刑,二曰不睦之刑,三曰不姻之刑,四曰不悌之刑,五曰不任之刑,六曰不恤之刑,七曰造言之刑,八曰亂民之刑。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>糾猶割祭也。不弟不敬,况師長也。造言,訛言惑衆。亂民,亂名改作,執左道以亂政也。任謂朋友相任也。恤謂相憂。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又《地官下·司市》曰:市刑:小刑憲罰,中刑徇罰,大刑樸罰。其附于刑者歸于士。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt36" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>徇,舉以示其地之衆也。樸,撻也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>國君過市,則刑人赦;大人過市,罰一幕;世子過市,罰一帟;命夫過市,罰一蓋;命婦過市,罰一帷。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt37" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>謂諸侯及夫人世子過其國之市,大夫內子過其都之市也。市者,人所交利而行刑之處,君子無故不游觀焉,若游觀則拖惠以爲說。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:《秋官上》曰:大司寇掌建邦之三典,以佐王刑邦國詰四方。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>典,法也。詰,謹也。《書》曰:穆王耄荒、度作詳刑以詰四方也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>一曰刑新國用輕典;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>新國,新辟地立君之國也。用輕法者,爲其民之未習于教。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>二曰刑平國用中典;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>平國,承平守成之國。用中典者,常行之法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>三曰刑亂國用重典。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>亂國,篡煞叛逆之國。用重典者,以其化惡,伐滅之也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>以五刑糾萬民:一曰野刑,上功糾力;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt42" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>功,農。功力,勤力也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>二曰軍刑,上命糾守;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt43" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>命,將命也。守,不失部伍也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>三曰卿刑,上德糾孝;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>德,六德也。善父母爲孝也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>四曰官刑,上能糾職;<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>能,能其事也。職,職事修理也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>五曰國刑,上願糾暴。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>願,愨慎也。暴爲當恭,字文誤也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《禮》曰:刑不上大夫,禮不下庶人。</p>
<p>又曰:九十曰耄,七年十曰悼。悼與耄雖有罪,不加刑焉。</p>
<p>又曰:刑者,侀也。刑者,成也。一成而不可蜂,故君子盡心焉。</p>
<p>《傳》曰:先君周公作誓命曰:毀則爲賊,掩賊爲藏,竊藏爲盜,盜器爲奸。主藏之名,賴奸之用,爲大凶德,有常刑無赦,在九刑不忌。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>暫命己下,皆九刑之書。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:晋侯之弟陽幹亂行于曲梁,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>行,陳。曲梁,地名。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>魏絳戮其僕。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>僕禦。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>晋侯怒,謂羊舌職曰:「合諸侯以爲榮,陽幹爲戮,何辱如之?必煞魏絳。」對曰:「絳無二志,事君不避難,有罪不逃刑。其將來辭,何辱命焉?」言終,魏絳至。</p>
<p>又曰:聲子謂楚令尹子木曰:「善爲國者,賞不僭而刑不濫賞。僭則懼及淫人,刑濫則懼及善人。若不幸而過,寧僭無濫。與其失善,寧其利淫。無善人則國從之。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>從之亡也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>古之治民者,勸賞而畏刑,恤民而不倦。賞以春夏,刑以秋冬。是以將賞,爲之加膳,則飫賜,以此知其勸賞也;將刑,爲之不舉,不舉則徹樂,以此知其畏刑也。」</p>
<p>又曰:初,景公欲更晏子之宅,曰:「子之宅近市,湫隘囂塵,不可以居。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt51" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>湫,下;隘,小;囂,聲;塵,土。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>請更諸爽塏者。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt52" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span><span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>爽,明;蓊,燥。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>辭曰:「君之先臣容焉,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>先臣,晏子之先人。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>臣不足以詞之。於臣巢<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别请协助查实修正。原字符为请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。" about="#mwt54" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></dfn>。」公笑曰:「子近市,識貴賤乎?」對曰:「旣利之,敢不識乎?」公曰:「何貴何賤?」于是景公繁于刑,有鬻踴者。故對曰:「踴貴屨賤。」景公爲是省于刑。君子曰:「仁人之言,其利博哉!晏子一言而齊侯省刑。」</p>
<p>又曰:鄭人鑄刑書。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt55" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>鑄刑書于鼎,以爲國之常法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>叔向使謂子産曰:「昔先王議事以制,不爲刑辟,懼民之有爭心也。夏有亂政,而作《禹刑》,商有亂政,而作《湯刑》,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>夏商之亂者,禹湯之法。言不能議事以制。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>周有亂政,而作《九刑》。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt57" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>周之衰,亦爲刑書,謂之九刑。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>三辟之興,皆叔世也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt58" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言制書不起于始全盛之世。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>今吾子相鄭國,作封洫,立謗政,制三辟,鑄刑書,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>制三辟,謂用三代之末法。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>將以靖民,不亦難乎!」</p>
<p>又曰:爲刑罰威獄,使民畏忌,以類其震曜煞戮。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>雲電震曜,天地咸也,刑獄以象類之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《論語》曰:導之以政,齊之以刑,民免而無耻。</p>
<p>又曰:禮樂不興,則刑罰不中;刑罰不中,則民無所措手足。</p>
<p>《孝經》曰:五刑之屬三千,而罪莫大于不孝。</p>
<p>《家語》曰:閔子騫問政于孔子。孔子對曰:「以德以法。夫德法者,禦民之具,猶御馬之有銜勒也。君者,人也;吏者,轡也;刑者,策也。夫人君之政,執其轡策而己乎。」閔子騫曰:「敢問古之爲政。」孔子曰:「古者天子以內史爲左右手,以德法爲銜勒,以百官爲轡,以刑罰爲策,以萬人爲馬,以禦天下,數百年而不失也。」又曰:有父子訟者。孔子同狴執之,三月不別,其父請止。夫子赦焉,曰:「上失其道,獄犴不治,不可刑也。</p>
<p>《書》曰:義刑義煞勿庸,以即汝心。三尺之限,空車不能登者何?峻故也。百刃之山,重載陟焉何?陵遲也。俗之陵遲久矣。雖有刑法,人能勿逾乎?」</p>
<p>《國語》曰:臧文仲曰:「大刑用兵甲,次刑用斧鉞,中刑用刀鋸,薄刑用鞭樸,以威民也。」</p>
<p>《孔叢子》曰:仲弓問古之刑教與今之刑教。孔子曰:「古之刑教省,今之刑教繁。古教有禮,然後有刑,是以刑省。今無禮以教,而齊之以刑,是以刑繁。」</p>
<p><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/史記" title="史記">史記</a>》曰:胡亥立,以趙高爲郎中令。令更變律,有罪者相坐收族。又群盜起,胡亥責李斯。斯懼,上書請行督責,刑者相半。其後趙高譖斯,具五刑,腰斬,夷三族。</p>
<p>又曰:申不害、韓非好刑名法術之學,以爲儒者以文亂法,俠者以武犯禁。</p>
<p>《漢書·刑法志》曰:古人有言曰:天生五材,民幷用之,廢一不可。鞭樸不可弛于家,刑罰不可廢于國,征伐不可偃于天下。用之有本末,行之有逆順耳。</p>
<p>又曰:孝武即位,徵發煩數,百姓貧窮,民被酷吏,擊奸斷宄不勝。于是招進張湯、趙禹之屬,修定法令。</p>
<p>又曰:古之知法者,能省刑本也。今之知法者,不失有罪,上下相臨,以刻爲明。深者獲功名,平者多後患。諺曰:鬻棺者欲歲之疫,非憎人欲煞之,利在于人死。</p>
<p>又曰:貢禹上言:「孝文皇帝時,貴廉潔,賤貪污,賈人、贅婿及吏坐贓者皆禁錮,不得爲吏。無贖罪之法,欲令行禁止,海內大化。武帝始臨天下,尊賢用士,開地廣境,自見功大,遂縱嗜欲。乃一時之變,使犯法者贖罪,入穀者補吏。是以官亂民貧,盜賊幷起。」</p>
<p>又曰:文帝制:「人有己論其父母妻子同産坐之,及收貰律令宜除之,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>孥,子也。秦法:一有罪,幷收其家也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>罪疑者與人,」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt62" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>從輕斷之。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>于是刑罰大省,斷獄四百。</p>
<p>又曰:秦始皇專任刑罰,躬操文墨,晝斷獄,夜理書。</p>
<p>又曰:于定國爲廷尉,季秋後請讞。時上常幸宣室,齋而居,决事刑獄,號平反也。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>反音番。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>又曰:董仲舒云︰「陽爲德,陰爲刑。陽常居大夏,而生養育長爲事;陰常居大冬,而積于虛空不用之處。以此見天之任德不任刑也。」</p>
<p>又曰:秦用商鞅之法,故帝王之道,刑戮妄行,人不聊生,逃亡山野,幷爲盜賊,斷獄一歲八十萬數。</p>
<p>又曰:《刑法志》曰:古人有言:滿堂飲酒,有一人向隅而泣,則一堂不樂。王者之于天下,猶一堂之上也。一人不得平,爲之凄愴。今郡國被刑,或冤死者多,此和氣所以未洽者也。原夫獄刑所以蕃者,《書》曰:「伯夷降典,折民惟刑。」<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt64" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言伯夷示禮法以道,人人習之,禮然後用刑也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>言制禮以止刑,猶堤防之溢水也。今堤防陵遲,禮制未立;死刑過制,生刑易犯。饑寒幷至,窮斯濫溢。豪杰擅私爲之囊橐,<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt65" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>言容隱奸刑,若櫜盛物。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>奸邪所隱,則狃而浸廣。<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>狃,串習也。浸,漸。狃音女九切。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small></p>
<p>《後漢書》曰:光武留心庶獄。然自王莽之後,舊章不存,法綱弛縱,尾<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt67" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>懲肅。梁統上疏曰:「臣硬<span style="color: red; border: 1px solid red; BACKGROUND: pink" title="未填描述,請補上。" about="#mwt68" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><b><EFBFBD></b></span>爲刑罰在衷,無取于輕,是以五帝有流殛放煞之誅,三王有大辟刻肌之刑,所以爲除去亂也。高帝定法,傳之後代。遭世康平,因時施恩,去肉刑相坐之法,天下幾平。武帝值中國全盛,征伐遠方,百姓罷弊,豪杰犯禁,奸吏弄法,故重首匿之科,著知縱之律。宣帝履要道以禦海內,臣下奉憲,不失繩墨,天下稱安。孝元、孝哀即位日淺,丞相王嘉等猥以數年之間虧除先帝舊約,穿令斷律凡百餘事。臣取其尤妨政者條奏,伏謂擇其善而從之,以定不易之典。」時廷尉議以爲崇刑峻法,非明王急務,遂罷之。</p>
<p>又曰:梁統對尚書問議刑曰:「聖帝明王制立刑罰,故雖堯舜之盛,猶誅四凶。《經》曰:『天討有罪,五刑五用哉。』又曰:爰制百姓于刑之衷,孔子曰:『刑罰不中,則民無所措手足。』<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span>措,置也。<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px"></span></small>衷之爲言不輕不重之謂也。《春秋》之誅,不避親戚,所以防患救亂,全安衆庶,豈無仁愛之恩,貴絕殘賊之路也。」</p>
<p>又曰:郎顗上書言:「今立春之後,火卦事用,所當溫而寒,違反時節,由功賞不至而刑罰必加也。宜須立秋順氣行罰。」</p>
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